---
title: 2 Chronicles 21:3 (JPS 1917) — And their father gave them great gifts, of silver, and of gold, and… · tree and pragmatics
description: And their father gave them great gifts, of silver, and of gold, and of precious things, with fortified cities in Judah; but the kingdom gave he to Jehoram, because he was the first-born. Who acts: father, Jehoram. 2 Chronicles 21:3 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every cla
---

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# 2 Chronicles 21:3 · JPS 1917

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And their father gave them great gifts, of silver, and of gold, and of precious things, with fortified cities in Judah; but the kingdom gave he to Jehoram, because he was the first-born.

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**Who acts:** father, Jehoram · **What happens:** give, fortify, be, gift · **To what, where:** great gifts, Azariah, kingdom, Jehoram, silver

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This is 2 Chronicles 21:3 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (father, Jehoram), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:2CH:458
# text = And their father gave them great gifts, of silver, and of gold, and of precious things, with fortified cities in Judah; but the kingdom gave he to Jehoram, because he was the first-born.
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	4	cc	_	_
2	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	3	nmod:poss	_	_
3	father	father	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	gave	give	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	iobj	_	_
6	great	great	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	gifts	gift	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obj	_	_
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
9	of	of	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	silver	silver	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	_
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
12	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
13	of	of	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
14	gold	gold	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	conj	_	_
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	19	punct	_	_
16	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	19	cc	_	_
17	of	of	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
18	precious	precious	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	19	amod	_	_
19	things	thing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	conj	_	_
20	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	23	punct	_	_
21	with	with	ADP	IN	_	23	case	_	_
22	fortified	fortify	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	23	amod	_	_
23	cities	city	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obl	_	_
24	in	in	ADP	IN	_	25	case	_	_
25	Judah	Judah	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	23	nmod	_	_
26	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	30	punct	_	_
27	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	30	cc	_	_
28	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	29	det	_	_
29	kingdom	kingdom	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	30	obj	_	_
30	gave	give	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	conj	_	_
31	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	30	nsubj	_	_
32	to	to	ADP	IN	_	33	case	_	_
33	Jehoram	Jehoram	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	30	obl	_	_
34	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	41	punct	_	_
35	because	because	SCONJ	IN	_	41	mark	_	_
36	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	41	nsubj	_	_
37	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	41	cop	_	_
38	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	41	det	_	_
39	first	first	ADV	RB	_	41	advmod	_	_
40	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	41	punct	_	_
41	born	born	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	30	advcl	_	_
42	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: statement
- act: narrate
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: changed act=narrate

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **give** | past | Azariah's father | great gifts of silver and gold and precious things | Azariah |  |  | with fortified cities in Judah | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: agent=Agent they=Recipient gift=Theme |
| 2 | **fortify** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn equip-13.4.2-1-1 «NP.theme V NP»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **give** | past | Jehoram | the kingdom | Jehoram |  |  |  | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: agent=Agent kingdom=Theme to jehoram=Recipient |
| 4 | **is** | past | Jehoram |  |  |  |  | born, first *property* | tree rules |
| 5 | **gift** |  |  | silver and gold and precious things |  |  |  |  | nom gift «possession transitive»: of=patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

<!-- .vhe dir=rtl lang=hbo -->
וַיִּתֵּ֣ן לָהֶ֣ם ׀ אֲ֠בִיהֶם מַתָּנ֨וֹת רַבּ֜וֹת לְכֶ֤סֶף וּלְזָהָב֙ וּלְמִגְדָּנ֔וֹת עִם־עָרֵ֥י מְצֻר֖וֹת בִּֽיהוּדָ֑ה וְאֶת־הַמַּמְלָכָ֛ה נָתַ֥ן לִֽיהוֹרָ֖ם כִּי־ה֥וּא הַבְּכֽוֹר׃פ

[2 Chronicles 21:3: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/2CH.21.3/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:2CH:458` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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