---
title: 2 Chronicles 25:18 (JPS 1917) — And Joash king of Israel sent to Amaziah king of Judah, saying: 'The… · tree and pragmatics
description: And Joash king of Israel sent to Amaziah king of Judah, saying: 'The thistle that was in Lebanon sent to the cedar that was in Lebanon, saying: Give thy daughter to my son to wife; and there passed by the wild beasts that were in Lebanon, and trod down the thistle. Who acts: Joash king, thistle, ced
---

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# 2 Chronicles 25:18 · JPS 1917

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And Joash king of Israel sent to Amaziah king of Judah, saying: 'The thistle that was in Lebanon sent to the cedar that was in Lebanon, saying: Give thy daughter to my son to wife; and there passed by the wild beasts that were in Lebanon, and trod down the thistle.

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**Who acts:** Joash king, thistle, cedar, wild beasts · **What happens:** send, say, be, give, pass, tread down · **To what, where:** Amaziah king, Lebanon, cedar, daughter, son, thistle · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is 2 Chronicles 25:18 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Joash king, thistle, cedar, wild beasts), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:2CH:565
# text = And Joash king of Israel sent to Amaziah king of Judah, saying: 'The thistle that was in Lebanon sent to the cedar that was in Lebanon, saying: Give thy daughter to my son to wife; and there passed by the wild beasts that were in Lebanon, and trod down the thistle.
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
2	Joash	Joash	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	flat	_	_
3	king	king	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	Israel	Israel	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nmod	_	_
6	sent	send	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	to	to	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	Amaziah	Amaziah	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	9	flat	_	_
9	king	king	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	_
10	of	of	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	Judah	Judah	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	9	nmod	_	_
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
13	saying	say	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	6	advcl	_	_
14	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	13	punct	_	_
15	'	'	PUNCT	``	_	22	punct	_	_
16	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
17	thistle	thistle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	22	nsubj	_	_
18	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	21	nsubj	_	_
19	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	21	cop	_	_
20	in	in	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
21	Lebanon	Lebanon	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	17	acl:relcl	_	_
22	sent	send	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	13	ccomp	_	_
23	to	to	ADP	IN	_	25	case	_	_
24	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	25	det	_	_
25	cedar	cedar	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	22	obl	_	_
26	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	29	nsubj	_	_
27	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	29	cop	_	_
28	in	in	ADP	IN	_	29	case	_	_
29	Lebanon	Lebanon	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	25	acl:relcl	_	_
30	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	31	punct	_	_
31	saying	say	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	22	advcl	_	_
32	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	33	punct	_	_
33	Give	give	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	31	ccomp	_	_
34	thy	thy	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	35	nmod:poss	_	_
35	daughter	daughter	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	33	obj	_	_
36	to	to	ADP	IN	_	38	case	_	_
37	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	38	nmod:poss	_	_
38	son	son	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	33	obl	_	_
39	to	to	ADP	IN	_	40	case	_	_
40	wife	wife	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	33	obl	_	_
41	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	44	punct	_	_
42	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	44	cc	_	_
43	there	there	PRON	EX	PronType=Dem	44	expl	_	_
44	passed	pass	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	conj	_	_
45	by	by	ADP	IN	_	48	case	_	_
46	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	48	det	_	_
47	wild	wild	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	48	amod	_	_
48	beasts	beast	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	44	obl	_	_
49	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	52	nsubj	_	_
50	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	52	cop	_	_
51	in	in	ADP	IN	_	52	case	_	_
52	Lebanon	Lebanon	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	48	acl:relcl	_	_
53	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	55	punct	_	_
54	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	55	cc	_	_
55	trod	tread	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	44	conj	_	_
56	down	down	ADP	IN	_	58	case	_	_
57	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	58	det	_	_
58	thistle	thistle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	55	obl	_	_
59	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: character
- polarity: none
- teacher: changed polarity=none

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **send** | past | Joash king of Israel |  | Amaziah king of Judah |  |  |  | vn confine-92-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent to king=Destination |
| 2 | **say** *speech: assert* | gerund | Joash king of Israel *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 3 | **is** | past | the thistle |  |  | Lebanon |  |  | tree rules |
| 4 | **send** | past | the thistle |  |  | the cedar |  |  | vn confine-92-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent to cedar=Destination |
| 5 | **is** | past | the cedar |  |  | Lebanon |  |  | tree rules |
| 6 | **say** *speech: assert* | gerund | the thistle *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 7 | **give** | infinitive |  | thy daughter | my son |  |  | to wife | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: agent=Agent daughter=Theme to son=Recipient |
| 8 | **pass** | past | Joash king of Israel *not said here* |  |  | there |  | by the wild beasts | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme by beast=Location |
| 9 | **is** | past | the wild beasts |  |  | Lebanon |  |  | tree rules |
| 10 | **tread down** | past | Joash king of Israel *not said here* | the thistle |  |  |  |  | vn run-51.3.2 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Initial\_Location thistle=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

<!-- .vhe dir=rtl lang=hbo -->
וַיִּשְׁלַ֞ח יוֹאָ֣שׁ מֶֽלֶךְ־יִשְׂרָאֵ֗ל אֶל־אֲמַצְיָ֣הוּ מֶֽלֶךְ־יְהוּדָה֮ לֵאמֹר֒ הַח֜וֹחַ אֲשֶׁ֣ר בַּלְּבָנ֗וֹן שָׁ֠לַח אֶל־הָאֶ֜רֶז אֲשֶׁ֤ר בַּלְּבָנוֹן֙ לֵאמֹ֔ר תְּנָֽה־אֶת־בִּתְּךָ֥ לִבְנִ֖י לְאִשָּׁ֑ה וַֽתַּעֲבֹ֞ר חַיַּ֤ת הַשָּׂדֶה֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר בַּלְּבָנ֔וֹן וַתִּרְמֹ֖ס אֶת־הַחֽוֹחַ׃

[2 Chronicles 25:18: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/2CH.25.18/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:2CH:565` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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