---
title: 2 Chronicles 4:4 (JPS 1917) — It stood upon twelve oxen, three looking toward the north, and three… · tree and pragmatics
description: It stood upon twelve oxen, three looking toward the north, and three looking toward the west, and three looking toward the south, and three looking toward the east; and the sea was set upon them above, and all their hinder parts were inward. Who acts: oxen, three, hinder parts. 2 Chronicles 4:4 in J
---

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# 2 Chronicles 4:4 · JPS 1917

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It stood upon twelve oxen, three looking toward the north, and three looking toward the west, and three looking toward the south, and three looking toward the east; and the sea was set upon them above, and all their hinder parts were inward.

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**Who acts:** oxen, three, hinder parts · **What happens:** stand, look, set, be · **To what, where:** twelve oxen, sea

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This is 2 Chronicles 4:4 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (oxen, three, hinder parts), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:2CH:59
# text = It stood upon twelve oxen, three looking toward the north, and three looking toward the west, and three looking toward the south, and three looking toward the east; and the sea was set upon them above, and all their hinder parts were inward.
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	stood	stand	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	upon	upon	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	twelve	twelve	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	5	nummod	_	_
5	oxen	ox	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obl	_	_
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
7	three	three	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	5	appos	_	_
8	looking	look	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	7	acl	_	_
9	toward	toward	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	north	north	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	_
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
13	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	15	cc	_	_
14	three	three	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	15	nsubj	_	_
15	looking	look	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	7	conj	_	_
16	toward	toward	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
17	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
18	west	west	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	obl	_	_
19	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	22	punct	_	_
20	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	22	cc	_	_
21	three	three	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	22	nsubj	_	_
22	looking	look	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	7	conj	_	_
23	toward	toward	ADP	IN	_	25	case	_	_
24	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	25	det	_	_
25	south	south	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	22	obl	_	_
26	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	29	punct	_	_
27	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	29	cc	_	_
28	three	three	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	29	nsubj	_	_
29	looking	look	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	7	conj	_	_
30	toward	toward	ADP	IN	_	32	case	_	_
31	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	32	det	_	_
32	east	east	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	29	obl	_	_
33	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	38	punct	_	_
34	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	38	cc	_	_
35	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	36	det	_	_
36	sea	sea	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	38	nsubj:pass	_	_
37	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	38	aux:pass	_	_
38	set	set	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	conj	_	_
39	upon	upon	ADP	IN	_	40	case	_	_
40	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	38	obl	_	_
41	above	above	ADV	RB	_	38	advmod	_	_
42	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	49	punct	_	_
43	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	49	cc	_	_
44	all	all	DET	PDT	PronType=Tot	47	det:predet	_	_
45	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	47	nmod:poss	_	_
46	hinder	hinder	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	47	compound	_	_
47	parts	part	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	49	nsubj	_	_
48	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	49	cop	_	_
49	inward	inward	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	conj	_	_
50	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **stand** | past | oxen *= ox* |  |  | twelve oxen |  |  | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent upon ox=Location |
| 2 | **look** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  | toward the north | vn peer-30.3 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent toward north=Theme |
| 3 | **look** | gerund | three |  |  |  |  | toward the west | vn peer-30.3 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent toward west=Theme |
| 4 | **look** | gerund | three |  |  |  |  | toward the south | vn peer-30.3 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent toward south=Theme |
| 5 | **look** | gerund | three |  |  |  |  | toward the east | vn peer-30.3 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent toward east=Theme |
| 6 | **set** | past · passive |  | the sea |  |  |  | upon rows *= row*; above *property* | vn put-9.1-2 «NP V PP.destination NP»: subject=Theme upon they=Destination |
| 7 | **is** | past | rows's hinder parts |  |  |  |  | inward *property* | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

<!-- .vhe dir=rtl lang=hbo -->
עוֹמֵ֞ד עַל־שְׁנֵ֧ים עָשָׂ֣ר בָּקָ֗ר שְׁלֹשָׁ֣ה פֹנִ֣ים ׀ צָפ֡וֹנָה וּשְׁלוֹשָׁה֩ פֹנִ֨ים ׀ יָ֜מָּה וּשְׁלֹשָׁ֣ה ׀ פֹּנִ֣ים נֶ֗גְבָּה וּשְׁלֹשָׁה֙ פֹּנִ֣ים מִזְרָ֔חָה וְהַיָּ֥ם עֲלֵיהֶ֖ם מִלְמָ֑עְלָה וְכָל־אֲחֹרֵיהֶ֖ם בָּֽיְתָה׃

[2 Chronicles 4:4: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/2CH.4.4/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:2CH:59` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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