---
title: 2 Chronicles 34:1 (JPS 1917) — Josiah was eight years old when he began to reign; and he reigned th… · tree and pragmatics
description: Josiah was eight years old when he began to reign; and he reigned thirty and one years in Jerusalem. Who acts: Josiah. 2 Chronicles 34:1 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# 2 Chronicles 34:1 · JPS 1917

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Josiah was eight years old when he began to reign; and he reigned thirty and one years in Jerusalem.

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**Who acts:** Josiah · **What happens:** be, begin, reign · **To what, where:** Jerusalem

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This is 2 Chronicles 34:1 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Josiah), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:2CH:796
# text = Josiah was eight years old when he began to reign; and he reigned thirty and one years in Jerusalem.
1	Josiah	Josiah	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
2	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
3	eight	eight	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	4	nummod	_	_
4	years	year	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obl:unmarked	_	_
5	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
6	when	when	SCONJ	WRB	_	8	mark	_	_
7	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	8	nsubj	_	_
8	began	begin	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	advcl	_	_
9	to	to	PART	TO	_	10	mark	_	_
10	reign	reign	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	8	xcomp	_	_
11	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	14	punct	_	_
12	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
13	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	14	nsubj	_	_
14	reigned	reign	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	conj	_	_
15	thirty	thirty	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	18	nummod	_	_
16	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	17	cc	_	_
17	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	15	conj	_	_
18	years	year	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	14	obl:unmarked	_	_
19	in	in	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
20	Jerusalem	Jerusalem	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	14	obl	_	_
21	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | Josiah |  |  |  | year | old *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **begin** | past | Josiah |  |  |  |  |  | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality |
| 3 | **reign** | to-infinitive | Josiah *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 4 | **reign** | past | Josiah |  |  | Jerusalem | year |  | tree rules |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

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בֶּן־שְׁמוֹנֶ֥ה שָׁנִ֖ים יֹאשִׁיָּ֣הוּ בְמָלְכ֑וֹ וּשְׁלֹשִׁ֤ים וְאַחַת֙ שָׁנָ֔ה מָלַ֖ךְ בִּירוּשָׁלִָֽם׃

[2 Chronicles 34:1: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/2CH.34.1/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:2CH:796` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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