---
title: 2 Chronicles 34:4 (JPS 1917) — And they broke down the altars of the Baalim in his presence; and th… · tree and pragmatics
description: And they broke down the altars of the Baalim in his presence; and the sun-images, that were on high above them, he hewed down; and the Asherim, and the graven images, and the molten images, he broke in pieces, and made dust of them, and strewed it upon the graves of them that had sacrificed unto the
---

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# 2 Chronicles 34:4 · JPS 1917

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
And they broke down the altars of the Baalim in his presence; and the sun-images, that were on high above them, he hewed down; and the Asherim, and the graven images, and the molten images, he broke in pieces, and made dust of them, and strewed it upon the graves of them that had sacrificed unto them.

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**Who acts:** Judah, sun images, Josiah, Asherim · **What happens:** break down, be, hew down, break, make, strew · **To what, where:** altars, presence, pieces, dust, graves

<!-- .vabout -->
This is 2 Chronicles 34:4 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Judah, sun images, Josiah, Asherim), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:2CH:799
# text = And they broke down the altars of the Baalim in his presence; and the sun-images, that were on high above them, he hewed down; and the Asherim, and the graven images, and the molten images, he broke in pieces, and made dust of them, and strewed it upon the graves of them that had sacrificed unto them.
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	3	cc	_	_
2	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
3	broke	break	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	down	down	ADP	RP	_	3	compound:prt	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	altars	altar	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	Baalim	Baalim	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	_
10	in	in	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	12	nmod:poss	_	_
12	presence	presence	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
13	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	28	punct	_	_
14	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	28	cc	_	_
15	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
16	sun	sun	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	compound	_	_
17	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	16	punct	_	_
18	images	image	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	28	dislocated	_	_
19	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	23	punct	_	_
20	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	23	nsubj	_	_
21	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	23	cop	_	_
22	on	on	ADP	IN	_	23	case	_	_
23	high	high	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	18	acl:relcl	_	_
24	above	above	ADP	IN	_	25	case	_	_
25	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	23	obl	_	_
26	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
27	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	28	nsubj	_	_
28	hewed	hew	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
29	down	down	ADP	RP	_	28	compound:prt	_	_
30	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	46	punct	_	_
31	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	46	cc	_	_
32	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	33	det	_	_
33	Asherim	Asherim	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	46	nsubj	_	_
34	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	38	punct	_	_
35	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	38	cc	_	_
36	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	38	det	_	_
37	graven	graven	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	38	amod	_	_
38	images	image	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	33	conj	_	_
39	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	43	punct	_	_
40	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	43	cc	_	_
41	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	43	det	_	_
42	molten	molten	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	43	amod	_	_
43	images	image	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	33	conj	_	_
44	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	33	punct	_	_
45	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	46	nsubj	_	_
46	broke	break	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
47	in	in	ADP	IN	_	48	case	_	_
48	pieces	piece	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	46	obl	_	_
49	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	51	punct	_	_
50	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	51	cc	_	_
51	made	make	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	46	conj	_	_
52	dust	dust	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	51	obj	_	_
53	of	of	ADP	IN	_	54	case	_	_
54	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	52	nmod	_	_
55	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	57	punct	_	_
56	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	57	cc	_	_
57	strewed	strew	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	46	conj	_	_
58	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	57	obj	_	_
59	upon	upon	ADP	IN	_	61	case	_	_
60	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	61	det	_	_
61	graves	grave	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	57	obl	_	_
62	of	of	ADP	IN	_	63	case	_	_
63	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	61	nmod	_	_
64	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	66	nsubj	_	_
65	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	66	aux	_	_
66	sacrificed	sacrifice	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	63	acl:relcl	_	_
67	unto	unto	ADP	IN	_	68	case	_	_
68	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	66	obl	_	_
69	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **break down** | past | Judah | the altars of the Baalim |  | Josiah's presence |  |  | vn break-45.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent altar=Patient |
| 2 | **is** | past | the sun images |  |  |  |  | above Judah; high *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **hew down** | past | Josiah |  |  |  |  | the sun images *dislocated* | vn cut-21.1-1 «NP V ADVP-Middle»: agent=Patient |
| 4 | **break** | past | the Asherim and the graven images and the molten images |  |  | pieces |  |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in piece=Location |
| 5 | **make** | past | the Asherim and the graven images and the molten images *not said here* | dust of Judah |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset dust=Product |
| 6 | **strew** | past | the Asherim and the graven images and the molten images *not said here* | dust |  | the graves of Judah |  |  | vn spray-9.7-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent it=Theme upon grave=Destination |
| 7 | **sacrifice** | past · perfect |  |  |  |  |  | unto Judah | vn contribute-13.2-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

<!-- .vhe dir=rtl lang=hbo -->
וַיְנַתְּצ֣וּ לְפָנָ֗יו אֵ֚ת מִזְבְּח֣וֹת הַבְּעָלִ֔ים וְהַֽחַמָּנִ֛ים אֲשֶׁר־לְמַ֥עְלָה מֵעֲלֵיהֶ֖ם גִּדֵּ֑עַ וְ֠הָאֲשֵׁרִים וְהַפְּסִלִ֤ים וְהַמַּסֵּכוֹת֙ שִׁבַּ֣ר וְהֵדַ֔ק וַיִּזְרֹק֙ עַל־פְּנֵ֣י הַקְּבָרִ֔ים הַזֹּבְחִ֖ים לָהֶֽם׃

[2 Chronicles 34:4: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/2CH.34.4/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:2CH:799` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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