--- title: 2 Chronicles 36:13 (JPS 1917) — And he also rebelled against king Nebuchadnezzar, who had made him s… · tree and pragmatics description: And he also rebelled against king Nebuchadnezzar, who had made him swear by God; but he stiffened his neck, and hardened his heart from turning unto the LORD, the God of Israel. Who acts: Zedekiah, king Nebuchadnezzar. 2 Chronicles 36:13 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of eve --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/2CH.875/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Ketuvim](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/) / [2 Chronicles](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/2CH/) / [chapter 36](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/2CH/36/) / [36:13](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/2CH.36.13/) / JPS 1 # 2 Chronicles 36:13 · JPS 1917 And he also rebelled against king Nebuchadnezzar, who had made him swear by God; but he stiffened his neck, and hardened his heart from turning unto the LORD, the God of Israel. **Who acts:** Zedekiah, king Nebuchadnezzar · **What happens:** rebel, make, swear, stiffen, harden, turn · **To what, where:** Zedekiah, neck, heart This is 2 Chronicles 36:13 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Zedekiah, king Nebuchadnezzar), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = jps:2CH:875 # text = And he also rebelled against king Nebuchadnezzar, who had made him swear by God; but he stiffened his neck, and hardened his heart from turning unto the LORD, the God of Israel. 1 And and CCONJ CC _ 4 cc _ _ 2 he he PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 4 nsubj _ _ 3 also also ADV RB _ 4 advmod _ _ 4 rebelled rebel VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 5 against against ADP IN _ 7 case _ _ 6 king king NOUN NN Number=Sing 7 compound _ _ 7 Nebuchadnezzar Nebuchadnezzar PROPN NNP Number=Sing 4 obl _ _ 8 , , PUNCT , _ 11 punct _ _ 9 who who PRON WP PronType=Rel 11 nsubj _ _ 10 had have AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 11 aux _ _ 11 made make VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part 7 acl:relcl _ _ 12 him he PRON PRP Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 11 obj _ _ 13 swear swear VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 11 xcomp _ _ 14 by by ADP IN _ 15 case _ _ 15 God God PROPN NNP Number=Sing 13 obl _ _ 16 ; ; PUNCT : _ 19 punct _ _ 17 but but CCONJ CC _ 19 cc _ _ 18 he he PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 19 nsubj _ _ 19 stiffened stiffen VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 4 conj _ _ 20 his his PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 21 nmod:poss _ _ 21 neck neck NOUN NN Number=Sing 19 obj _ _ 22 , , PUNCT , _ 24 punct _ _ 23 and and CCONJ CC _ 24 cc _ _ 24 hardened harden VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 19 conj _ _ 25 his his PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 26 nmod:poss _ _ 26 heart heart NOUN NN Number=Sing 24 obj _ _ 27 from from ADP IN _ 28 mark _ _ 28 turning turn VERB VBG Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 24 advcl _ _ 29 unto unto ADP IN _ 31 case _ _ 30 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 31 det _ _ 31 LORD LORD PROPN NNP Number=Sing 28 obl _ _ 32 , , PUNCT , _ 34 punct _ _ 33 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 34 det _ _ 34 God God PROPN NNP Number=Sing 31 appos _ _ 35 of of ADP IN _ 36 case _ _ 36 Israel Israel PROPN NNP Number=Sing 34 nmod _ _ 37 . . PUNCT . _ 4 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: narrate - voice: narrator - polarity: none - teacher: kept the draft | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **rebel** | past | Zedekiah | | | | | against king Nebuchadnezzar | vn rebel-71.2-1 «NP V PP.maleficiary»: agent=Agent against nebuchadnezzar=Maleficiary | | 2 | **make** | past · perfect | king Nebuchadnezzar | Zedekiah | | | | | tree rules | | 3 | **swear** | infinitive | Zedekiah *not said here* | | | | | by God | vn conjecture-29.5 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent | | 4 | **stiffen** | past | Zedekiah | Zedekiah's neck | | | | | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent neck=Patient | | 5 | **harden** | past | Zedekiah *not said here* | Zedekiah's heart | | | | | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent heart=Patient | | 6 | **turn** | gerund | Zedekiah *not said here* | | | | | unto the LORD | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP.theme V»: agent=Theme | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. ## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew} וְ֠גַם בַּמֶּ֤לֶךְ נְבֽוּכַדְנֶאצַּר֙ מָרָ֔ד אֲשֶׁ֥ר הִשְׁבִּיע֖וֹ בֵּֽאלֹהִ֑ים וַיֶּ֤קֶשׁ אֶת־עָרְפּוֹ֙ וַיְאַמֵּ֣ץ אֶת־לְבָב֔וֹ מִשּׁ֕וּב אֶל־יְהוָ֖ה אֱלֹהֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ [2 Chronicles 36:13: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/2CH.36.13/) **Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:2CH:875` of Mova's parse database. **The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter. - ← previous: [2 Chronicles 36:12 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/2CH.874/) - next →: [2 Chronicles 36:14 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/2CH.876/) - ↑ back to [2 Chronicles 36:13](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/2CH.36.13/)