---
title: Daniel 3:31 (JPS 1917) — 'Nebuchadnezzar the king, unto all peoples, nations, and languages,… · tree and pragmatics
description: 'Nebuchadnezzar the king, unto all peoples, nations, and languages, that dwell in all the earth; peace be multiplied unto you. Who acts: peoples. Daniel 3:31 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Daniel 3:31 · JPS 1917

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'Nebuchadnezzar the king, unto all peoples, nations, and languages, that dwell in all the earth; peace be multiplied unto you.

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**Who acts:** peoples · **What happens:** dwell, multiply · **To what, where:** earth, peace

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This is Daniel 3:31 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (peoples), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:DAN:105
# text = 'Nebuchadnezzar the king, unto all peoples, nations, and languages, that dwell in all the earth; peace be multiplied unto you.
1	'	'	PUNCT	``	_	2	punct	_	_
2	Nebuchadnezzar	Nebuchadnezzar	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	king	king	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	appos	_	_
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
6	unto	unto	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	all	all	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	8	det	_	_
8	peoples	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nmod	_	_
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
10	nations	nation	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	conj	_	_
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
12	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
13	languages	language	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	conj	_	_
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
15	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	16	nsubj	_	_
16	dwell	dwell	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	acl:relcl	_	_
17	in	in	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
18	all	all	DET	PDT	PronType=Tot	20	det:predet	_	_
19	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	20	det	_	_
20	earth	earth	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	obl	_	_
21	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	2	punct	_	_
22	peace	peace	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	24	nsubj:pass	_	_
23	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	24	aux:pass	_	_
24	multiplied	multiply	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	parataxis	_	_
25	unto	unto	ADP	IN	_	26	case	_	_
26	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Person=2|PronType=Prs	24	obl	_	_
27	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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- form: statement
- act: greet
- voice: character
- polarity: none
- teacher: changed act=greet

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **dwell** | present | all peoples and nations and languages |  |  | all earth |  |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in earth=Location |
| 2 | **multiply** | infinitive · passive |  | peace |  |  |  | unto you | vn multiply-108-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Aramaic of this verse {#hebrew}

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נְבוּכַדְנֶצַּ֣ר מַלְכָּ֗א לְֽכָל־עַֽמְמַיָּ֞א אֻמַיָּ֧א וְלִשָּׁנַיָּ֛א דִּֽי־דָיְרִ֥ין בְּכָל־אַרְעָ֖א שְׁלָמְכ֥וֹן יִשְׂגֵּֽא׃

[Daniel 3:31: the Aramaic tree, its pragmatics →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/DAN.3.31/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:DAN:105` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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