---
title: Daniel 4:9 (JPS 1917) — The leaves thereof were fair, and the fruit thereof much, and in it… · tree and pragmatics
description: The leaves thereof were fair, and the fruit thereof much, and in it was food for all; the beasts of the field had shadow under it, and the fowls of the heaven dwelt in the branches thereof, and all flesh was fed of it. Who acts: leaves, fruit, beasts, fowls. Daniel 4:9 in JPS 1917 with its dependenc
---

<!-- md -->
[Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/DAN.117/)

<!-- crumbs -->
[home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Ketuvim](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/) / [Daniel](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/DAN/) / [chapter 4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/DAN/4/) / [4:9](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/DAN.4.9/) / JPS 1

# Daniel 4:9 · JPS 1917

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The leaves thereof were fair, and the fruit thereof much, and in it was food for all; the beasts of the field had shadow under it, and the fowls of the heaven dwelt in the branches thereof, and all flesh was fed of it.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** leaves, fruit, beasts, fowls · **What happens:** be, have, dwell, feed · **To what, where:** food, fruit, shadow, branches, flesh

<!-- .vabout -->
This is Daniel 4:9 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (leaves, fruit, beasts, fowls), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:DAN:117
# text = The leaves thereof were fair, and the fruit thereof much, and in it was food for all; the beasts of the field had shadow under it, and the fowls of the heaven dwelt in the branches thereof, and all flesh was fed of it.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	leaves	leaf	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj	_	_
3	thereof	thereof	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	_
4	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
5	fair	fair	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
7	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	fruit	fruit	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nsubj	_	_
10	thereof	thereof	ADV	RB	_	9	advmod	_	_
11	much	much	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	conj	_	_
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
13	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	17	cc	_	_
14	in	in	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
15	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	17	obl	_	_
16	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	17	cop	_	_
17	food	food	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	conj	_	_
18	for	for	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
19	all	all	PRON	DT	PronType=Tot	17	nmod	_	_
20	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	26	punct	_	_
21	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	22	det	_	_
22	beasts	beast	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	26	nsubj	_	_
23	of	of	ADP	IN	_	25	case	_	_
24	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	25	det	_	_
25	field	field	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	22	nmod	_	_
26	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	parataxis	_	_
27	shadow	shadow	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	26	obj	_	_
28	under	under	ADP	IN	_	29	case	_	_
29	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	26	obl	_	_
30	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	37	punct	_	_
31	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	37	cc	_	_
32	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	33	det	_	_
33	fowls	fowl	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	37	nsubj	_	_
34	of	of	ADP	IN	_	36	case	_	_
35	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	36	det	_	_
36	heaven	heaven	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	33	nmod	_	_
37	dwelt	dwell	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	26	conj	_	_
38	in	in	ADP	IN	_	40	case	_	_
39	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	40	det	_	_
40	branches	branch	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	37	obl	_	_
41	thereof	thereof	ADV	RB	_	40	advmod	_	_
42	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	47	punct	_	_
43	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	47	cc	_	_
44	all	all	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	45	det	_	_
45	flesh	flesh	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	47	nsubj:pass	_	_
46	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	47	aux:pass	_	_
47	fed	feed	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	26	conj	_	_
48	of	of	ADP	IN	_	49	case	_	_
49	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	47	obl	_	_
50	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: statement
- act: narrate
- voice: character
- polarity: none
- teacher: changed voice=character

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | the leaves |  |  |  |  | fair *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **be** |  | the fruit |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **is a** | past | the leaves *not said here* | food |  | fruit |  | for all | tree rules |
| 4 | **have** | past | the beasts of the field | shadow |  | fruit |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent shadow=Patient |
| 5 | **dwell** | past | the fowls of the heaven |  |  | the branches |  |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in branch=Location |
| 6 | **feed** | past · passive |  | all flesh |  |  |  | of fruit | vn feeding-39.7 «NP V NP»: subject=Recipient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Aramaic of this verse {#hebrew}

<!-- .vhe dir=rtl lang=arc -->
עָפְיֵ֤הּ שַׁפִּיר֙ וְאִנְבֵּ֣הּ שַׂגִּ֔יא וּמָז֨וֹן לְכֹ֖לָּא־בֵ֑הּ תְּחֹת֜וֹהִי תַּטְלֵ֣ל ׀ חֵיוַ֣ת בָּרָ֗א וּבְעַנְפ֙וֹהִי֙ יְדוּרָן֙ צִפֲּרֵ֣י שְׁמַיָּ֔א וּמִנֵּ֖הּ יִתְּזִ֥ין כָּל־בִּשְׂרָֽא׃

[Daniel 4:9: the Aramaic tree, its pragmatics →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/DAN.4.9/)

<!-- div src -->

**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:DAN:117` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
- ← previous: [Daniel 4:8 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/DAN.116/)
- next →: [Daniel 4:10 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/DAN.118/)
- ↑ back to [Daniel 4:9](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/DAN.4.9/)