---
title: Daniel 4:11 (JPS 1917) — He cried aloud, and said thus: Hew down the tree, and cut off its br… · tree and pragmatics
description: He cried aloud, and said thus: Hew down the tree, and cut off its branches, shake off its leaves, and scatter its fruit; let the beasts get away from under it, and the fowls from its branches. Who acts: flesh. Daniel 4:11 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Daniel 4:11 · JPS 1917

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He cried aloud, and said thus: Hew down the tree, and cut off its branches, shake off its leaves, and scatter its fruit; let the beasts get away from under it, and the fowls from its branches.

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**Who acts:** flesh · **What happens:** cry, say, hew down, cut off, shake off, scatter · **To what, where:** tree, branches, leaves, fruit, beasts, fowls · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is Daniel 4:11 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (flesh), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:DAN:119
# text = He cried aloud, and said thus: Hew down the tree, and cut off its branches, shake off its leaves, and scatter its fruit; let the beasts get away from under it, and the fowls from its branches.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	cried	cry	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	aloud	aloud	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	_
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	_
5	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
6	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
7	thus	thus	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
8	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	9	punct	_	_
9	Hew	Hew	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	6	ccomp	_	_
10	down	down	ADP	RP	_	9	compound:prt	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	tree	tree	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obj	_	_
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
14	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	15	cc	_	_
15	cut	cut	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	9	conj	_	_
16	off	off	ADP	RP	_	15	compound:prt	_	_
17	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	18	nmod:poss	_	_
18	branches	branch	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	15	obj	_	_
19	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	20	punct	_	_
20	shake	shake	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	9	conj	_	_
21	off	off	ADP	RP	_	20	compound:prt	_	_
22	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	23	nmod:poss	_	_
23	leaves	leaf	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	20	obj	_	_
24	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	26	punct	_	_
25	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	26	cc	_	_
26	scatter	scatter	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	9	conj	_	_
27	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	28	nmod:poss	_	_
28	fruit	fruit	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	26	obj	_	_
29	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	30	punct	_	_
30	let	let	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	2	parataxis	_	_
31	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	32	det	_	_
32	beasts	beast	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	30	obj	_	_
33	get	get	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	30	ccomp	_	_
34	away	away	ADV	RB	_	33	advmod	_	_
35	from	from	ADP	IN	_	37	case	_	_
36	under	under	ADP	IN	_	37	case	_	_
37	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	33	obl	_	_
38	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	41	punct	_	_
39	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	41	cc	_	_
40	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	41	det	_	_
41	fowls	fowl	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	33	obl	_	_
42	from	from	ADP	IN	_	44	case	_	_
43	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	44	nmod:poss	_	_
44	branches	branch	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	41	nmod	_	_
45	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: statement
- act: narrate
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **cry** *speech: express* | past | flesh |  |  |  |  | aloud *property* | vn manner\_speaking-37.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | flesh *not said here* |  |  |  |  | thus *property* | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 3 | **hew down** | infinitive |  | the tree |  |  |  |  | vn cut-21.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent tree=Patient |
| 4 | **cut off** | infinitive |  | tree's branches |  |  |  |  | vn stop-55.4-1 «NP V NP.eventuality»: agent=Affector branch=Eventuality |
| 5 | **shake off** | infinitive |  | tree's leaves |  |  |  |  | vn shake-22.3-2 «NP V NP together»: agent=Agent leaf=Patient |
| 6 | **scatter** | infinitive |  | tree's fruit |  |  |  |  | vn spray-9.7-1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent fruit=Theme |
| 7 | **let** | infinitive |  | the beasts |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 8 | **get away** | infinitive |  | the fowls from tree's branches |  | tree |  | away *property* | vn withdraw-82-2 «NP V PP.source»: agent=Agent from it=Source |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Aramaic of this verse {#hebrew}

<!-- .vhe dir=rtl lang=arc -->
קָרֵ֨א בְחַ֜יִל וְכֵ֣ן אָמַ֗ר גֹּ֤דּוּ אִֽילָנָא֙ וְקַצִּ֣צוּ עַנְפ֔וֹהִי אַתַּ֥רוּ עָפְיֵ֖הּ וּבַדַּ֣רוּ אִנְבֵּ֑הּ תְּנֻ֤ד חֵֽיוְתָא֙ מִן־תַּחְתּ֔וֹהִי וְצִפְּרַיָּ֖א מִן־עַנְפֽוֹהִי׃

[Daniel 4:11: the Aramaic tree, its pragmatics →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/DAN.4.11/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:DAN:119` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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