---
title: Daniel 4:16 (JPS 1917) — Then Daniel, whose name was Belteshazzar, was appalled for a while,… · tree and pragmatics
description: Then Daniel, whose name was Belteshazzar, was appalled for a while, and his thoughts affrighted him. Who acts: name, thoughts, Belteshazzar, Daniel. Daniel 4:16 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Daniel 4:16 · JPS 1917, sentence 1 of 2

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Then Daniel, whose name was Belteshazzar, was appalled for a while, and his thoughts affrighted him.

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**Who acts:** name, thoughts, Belteshazzar, Daniel · **What happens:** be, appall, affright, name, think · **To what, where:** Belteshazzar, Daniel

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This is Daniel 4:16 · JPS 1917, sentence 1 of 2 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (name, thoughts, Belteshazzar, Daniel), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:DAN:124
# text = Then Daniel, whose name was Belteshazzar, was appalled for a while, and his thoughts affrighted him.
1	Then	then	ADV	RB	_	10	advmod	_	_
2	Daniel	Daniel	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	10	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
4	whose	whose	PRON	WP$	Poss=Yes|PronType=Rel	5	nmod:poss	_	_
5	name	name	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
6	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
7	Belteshazzar	Belteshazzar	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	acl:relcl	_	_
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	_
9	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	10	aux:pass	_	_
10	appalled	appall	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
11	for	for	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	while	while	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obl	_	_
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
15	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	18	cc	_	_
16	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	17	nmod:poss	_	_
17	thoughts	thought	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	18	nsubj	_	_
18	affrighted	affright	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	10	conj	_	_
19	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	18	obj	_	_
20	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	10	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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- form: statement
- act: narrate
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | past | Belteshazzar's name | Belteshazzar |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **appall** | past · passive |  | Daniel |  |  | then; while |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Experiencer |
| 3 | **affright** | past | Daniel's thoughts | Daniel |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 4 | **name** |  | Belteshazzar |  |  |  |  |  | nom name «communication transitive»: poss=agent |
| 5 | **think** |  | Daniel |  |  |  |  |  | nom thought «cognition transitive»: poss=agent |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Aramaic of this verse {#hebrew}

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אֱדַ֨יִן דָּֽנִיֵּ֜אל דִּֽי־שְׁמֵ֣הּ בֵּלְטְשַׁאצַּ֗ר אֶשְׁתּוֹמַם֙ כְּשָׁעָ֣ה חֲדָ֔ה וְרַעְיֹנֹ֖הִי יְבַהֲלֻנֵּ֑הּ עָנֵ֨ה מַלְכָּ֜א וְאָמַ֗ר בֵּלְטְשַׁאצַּר֙ חֶלְמָ֤א וּפִשְׁרֵא֙ אַֽל־יְבַהֲלָ֔ךְ עָנֵ֤ה בֵלְטְשַׁאצַּר֙ וְאָמַ֔ר מָרִ֕י חֶלְמָ֥א לְשָֽׂנְאָ֖ךְ וּפִשְׁרֵ֥הּ לְעָרָֽךְ׃

[Daniel 4:16: the Aramaic tree, its pragmatics →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/DAN.4.16/)

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This verse in JPS 1917:

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1. **Then Daniel, whose name was Belteshazzar, was appalled for a while, and his thoughts affrighted him.**
2. [The king spoke and said: 'Belteshazzar, let not the dream, or the interpretation, affright thee.' Belteshazzar answered and said: 'My lord, the dream be to them that hate thee, and the interpretation thereof to thine adversaries.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/DAN.125/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:DAN:124` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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- ← previous: [Daniel 4:15 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/DAN.123/)
- next →: [Daniel 4:16 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/DAN.125/)
- ↑ back to [Daniel 4:16](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/DAN.4.16/)