---
title: Daniel 4:16 (JPS 1917) — The king spoke and said: 'Belteshazzar, let not the dream, or the in… · tree and pragmatics
description: The king spoke and said: 'Belteshazzar, let not the dream, or the interpretation, affright thee.' Belteshazzar answered and said: 'My lord, the dream be to them that hate thee, and the interpretation thereof to thine adversaries. Who acts: king, dream, Belteshazzar. Daniel 4:16 in JPS 1917 with its 
---

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# Daniel 4:16 · JPS 1917, sentence 2 of 2

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The king spoke and said: 'Belteshazzar, let not the dream, or the interpretation, affright thee.' Belteshazzar answered and said: 'My lord, the dream be to them that hate thee, and the interpretation thereof to thine adversaries.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** king, dream, Belteshazzar · **What happens:** speak, say, let, affright, answer, be · **To what, where:** thee · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
This is Daniel 4:16 · JPS 1917, sentence 2 of 2 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (king, dream, Belteshazzar), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:DAN:125
# text = The king spoke and said: 'Belteshazzar, let not the dream, or the interpretation, affright thee.' Belteshazzar answered and said: 'My lord, the dream be to them that hate thee, and the interpretation thereof to thine adversaries.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	king	king	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	spoke	speak	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
5	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
6	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	10	punct	_	_
7	'	'	PUNCT	``	_	10	punct	_	_
8	Belteshazzar	Belteshazzar	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	10	vocative	_	_
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
10	let	let	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	ccomp	_	_
11	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	13	advmod	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	dream	dream	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nsubj	_	_
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
15	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	17	cc	_	_
16	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
17	interpretation	interpretation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	conj	_	_
18	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	19	punct	_	_
19	affright	affright	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	10	xcomp	_	_
20	thee	thou	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	19	obj	_	_
21	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	10	punct	_	_
22	'	'	PUNCT	''	_	10	punct	_	_
23	Belteshazzar	Belteshazzar	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	24	nsubj	_	_
24	answered	answer	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	parataxis	_	_
25	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	26	cc	_	_
26	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	24	conj	_	_
27	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	36	punct	_	_
28	'	'	PUNCT	``	_	36	punct	_	_
29	My	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	30	nmod:poss	_	_
30	lord	lord	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	36	vocative	_	_
31	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	36	punct	_	_
32	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	33	det	_	_
33	dream	dream	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	36	nsubj	_	_
34	be	be	AUX	VB	Mood=Sub|VerbForm=Fin	36	cop	_	_
35	to	to	ADP	IN	_	36	case	_	_
36	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	26	ccomp	_	_
37	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	38	nsubj	_	_
38	hate	hate	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	36	acl:relcl	_	_
39	thee	thou	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	38	obj	_	_
40	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	43	punct	_	_
41	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	43	cc	_	_
42	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	43	det	_	_
43	interpretation	interpretation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	36	conj	_	_
44	thereof	thereof	ADV	RB	_	43	advmod	_	_
45	to	to	ADP	IN	_	47	case	_	_
46	thine	thy	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	47	nmod:poss	_	_
47	adversaries	adversary	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	43	nmod	_	_
48	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: command
- act: request
- voice: character
- polarity: neg
- teacher: kept the draft

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **speak** *speech: other* | past | the king |  |  |  |  |  | vn talk-37.5 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | the king *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 3 | **let** | infinitive | the dream or the interpretation |  |  |  |  | Belteshazzar *vocative* | tree rules |
| 4 | **affright** | infinitive | the dream or the interpretation *not said here* | thee |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 5 | **answer** *speech: assert* | past | Belteshazzar |  |  |  |  |  | vn reciprocate-112-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 6 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | Belteshazzar *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |
| 7 | **is** | infinitive | the dream |  |  |  |  | to Belteshazzar; My lord *vocative* | tree rules |
| 8 | **hate** | present |  | thee |  |  |  |  | vn admire-31.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer thou=Stimulus |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Aramaic of this verse {#hebrew}

<!-- .vhe dir=rtl lang=arc -->
אֱדַ֨יִן דָּֽנִיֵּ֜אל דִּֽי־שְׁמֵ֣הּ בֵּלְטְשַׁאצַּ֗ר אֶשְׁתּוֹמַם֙ כְּשָׁעָ֣ה חֲדָ֔ה וְרַעְיֹנֹ֖הִי יְבַהֲלֻנֵּ֑הּ עָנֵ֨ה מַלְכָּ֜א וְאָמַ֗ר בֵּלְטְשַׁאצַּר֙ חֶלְמָ֤א וּפִשְׁרֵא֙ אַֽל־יְבַהֲלָ֔ךְ עָנֵ֤ה בֵלְטְשַׁאצַּר֙ וְאָמַ֔ר מָרִ֕י חֶלְמָ֥א לְשָֽׂנְאָ֖ךְ וּפִשְׁרֵ֥הּ לְעָרָֽךְ׃

[Daniel 4:16: the Aramaic tree, its pragmatics →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/DAN.4.16/)

<!-- .note -->
This verse in JPS 1917:

<!-- .ens -->
1. [Then Daniel, whose name was Belteshazzar, was appalled for a while, and his thoughts affrighted him.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/DAN.124/)
2. **The king spoke and said: 'Belteshazzar, let not the dream, or the interpretation, affright thee.' Belteshazzar answered and said: 'My lord, the dream be to them that hate thee, and the interpretation thereof to thine adversaries.**

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:DAN:125` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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<!-- pn -->
- ← previous: [Daniel 4:16 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/DAN.124/)
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