--- title: Daniel 5:19 (JPS 1917) — and because of the greatness that He gave him, all the peoples, nati… · tree and pragmatics description: and because of the greatness that He gave him, all the peoples, nations, and languages trembled and feared before him: whom he would he slew, and whom he would he kept alive; and whom he would he raised up, and whom he would he put down. Who acts: God, peoples. 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The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (God, peoples), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = jps:DAN:165 # text = and because of the greatness that He gave him, all the peoples, nations, and languages trembled and feared before him: whom he would he slew, and whom he would he kept alive; and whom he would he raised up, and whom he would he put down. 1 and and CCONJ CC _ 19 cc _ _ 2 because because ADP IN ExtPos=ADP 5 case _ _ 3 of of ADP IN _ 2 fixed _ _ 4 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 5 det _ _ 5 greatness greatness NOUN NN Number=Sing 19 obl _ _ 6 that that PRON WDT PronType=Rel 8 obj _ _ 7 He he PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 8 nsubj _ _ 8 gave give VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 5 acl:relcl _ _ 9 him he PRON PRP Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 8 iobj _ _ 10 , , PUNCT , _ 13 punct _ _ 11 all all DET PDT PronType=Tot 13 det:predet _ _ 12 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 13 det _ _ 13 peoples people NOUN NNS Number=Plur 19 nsubj _ _ 14 , , PUNCT , _ 15 punct _ _ 15 nations nation NOUN NNS Number=Plur 13 conj _ _ 16 , , PUNCT , _ 18 punct _ _ 17 and and CCONJ CC _ 18 cc _ _ 18 languages language NOUN NNS Number=Plur 13 conj _ _ 19 trembled tremble VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 20 and and CCONJ CC _ 21 cc _ _ 21 feared fear VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 19 conj _ _ 22 before before ADP IN _ 23 case _ _ 23 him he PRON PRP Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 21 obl _ _ 24 : : PUNCT : _ 29 punct _ _ 25 whom whom PRON WP PronType=Rel 29 obj _ _ 26 he he PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 29 nsubj _ _ 27 would would AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 29 aux _ _ 28 he he PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 29 nsubj _ _ 29 slew slay VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 21 parataxis _ _ 30 , , PUNCT , _ 36 punct _ _ 31 and and CCONJ CC _ 36 cc _ _ 32 whom whom PRON WP PronType=Rel 36 obj _ _ 33 he he PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 36 nsubj _ _ 34 would would AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 36 aux _ _ 35 he he PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 36 nsubj _ _ 36 kept keep VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 29 conj _ _ 37 alive alive ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 36 xcomp _ _ 38 ; ; PUNCT : _ 44 punct _ _ 39 and and CCONJ CC _ 44 cc _ _ 40 whom whom PRON WP PronType=Rel 44 obj _ _ 41 he he PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 44 nsubj _ _ 42 would would AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 44 aux _ _ 43 he he PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 44 nsubj _ _ 44 raised raise VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 19 conj _ _ 45 up up ADP RP _ 44 compound:prt _ _ 46 , , PUNCT , _ 52 punct _ _ 47 and and CCONJ CC _ 52 cc _ _ 48 whom whom PRON WP PronType=Rel 52 obj _ _ 49 he he PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 52 nsubj _ _ 50 would would AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 52 aux _ _ 51 he he PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 52 nsubj _ _ 52 put put VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 44 conj _ _ 53 down down ADP RP _ 52 compound:prt _ _ 54 . . PUNCT . _ 19 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: narrate - voice: narrator - polarity: none - teacher: kept the draft | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **give** | past | God | the greatness | Nebuchadnezzar | | | | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: agent=Agent he=Recipient that=Theme | | 2 | **tremble** | past | all peoples and nations and languages | | | | | because the greatness | vn modes\_of\_being\_with\_motion-47.3 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 3 | **fear** | past | all peoples and nations and languages *not said here* | | | | before God | | vn marvel-31.3 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer | | 4 | **slay** | would | God | | | | | | vn murder-42.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent whom=Patient | | 5 | **keep** | would | God | | | | | alive *property* | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent whom=Theme | | 6 | **raise up** | would | God | | | | | | vn put\_direction-9.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent whom=Theme | | 7 | **put down** | would | God | | | | | | vn invest-13.5.4-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Agent whom=Goal | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. ## The Aramaic of this verse {#hebrew} וּמִן־רְבוּתָא֙ דִּ֣י יְהַב־לֵ֔הּ כֹּ֣ל עַֽמְמַיָּ֗א אֻמַיָּא֙ וְלִשָּׁ֣נַיָּ֔א הֲו֛וֹ זָיְעִ֥ין וְדָחֲלִ֖ין מִן־קֳדָמ֑וֹהִי דִּֽי־הֲוָ֨ה צָבֵ֜א הֲוָ֣א קָטֵ֗ל וְדִֽי־הֲוָ֤ה צָבֵא֙ הֲוָ֣ה מַחֵ֔א וְדִֽי־הֲוָ֤ה צָבֵא֙ הֲוָ֣ה מָרִ֔ים וְדִֽי־הֲוָ֥ה צָבֵ֖א הֲוָ֥ה מַשְׁפִּֽיל׃ [Daniel 5:19: the Aramaic tree, its pragmatics →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/DAN.5.19/) **Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:DAN:165` of Mova's parse database. **The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter. - ← previous: [Daniel 5:18 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/DAN.164/) - next →: [Daniel 5:20 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/DAN.166/) - ↑ back to [Daniel 5:19](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/DAN.5.19/)