---
title: Daniel 5:21 (JPS 1917) — and he was driven from the sons of men, and his heart was made like… · tree and pragmatics
description: and he was driven from the sons of men, and his heart was made like the beasts, and his dwelling was with the wild asses; he was fed with grass like oxen, and his body was wet with the dew of heaven; until he knew that God Most High ruleth in the kingdom of men, and that He setteth up over it whomso
---

<!-- md -->
[Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/DAN.167/)

<!-- crumbs -->
[home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Ketuvim](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/) / [Daniel](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/DAN/) / [chapter 5](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/DAN/5/) / [5:21](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/DAN.5.21/) / JPS 1

# Daniel 5:21 · JPS 1917

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
and he was driven from the sons of men, and his heart was made like the beasts, and his dwelling was with the wild asses; he was fed with grass like oxen, and his body was wet with the dew of heaven; until he knew that God Most High ruleth in the kingdom of men, and that He setteth up over it whomsoever He will.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** dwelling, body, God · **What happens:** drive, make, be, feed, know, rule · **To what, where:** God, heart, kingdom, whomsoever · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
This is Daniel 5:21 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (dwelling, body, God), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:DAN:167
# text = and he was driven from the sons of men, and his heart was made like the beasts, and his dwelling was with the wild asses; he was fed with grass like oxen, and his body was wet with the dew of heaven; until he knew that God Most High ruleth in the kingdom of men, and that He setteth up over it whomsoever He will.
1	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	4	cc	_	_
2	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	driven	drive	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	from	from	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	sons	son	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obl	_	_
8	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	men	man	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	nmod	_	_
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
11	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	15	cc	_	_
12	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	13	nmod:poss	_	_
13	heart	heart	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	nsubj:pass	_	_
14	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	15	aux:pass	_	_
15	made	make	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	conj	_	_
16	like	like	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
17	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
18	beasts	beast	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	15	obl	_	_
19	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	27	punct	_	_
20	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	27	cc	_	_
21	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	22	nmod:poss	_	_
22	dwelling	dwelling	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	27	nsubj	_	_
23	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	27	cop	_	_
24	with	with	ADP	IN	_	27	case	_	_
25	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	27	det	_	_
26	wild	wild	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	27	amod	_	_
27	asses	ass	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	conj	_	_
28	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	31	punct	_	_
29	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	31	nsubj:pass	_	_
30	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	31	aux:pass	_	_
31	fed	feed	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	parataxis	_	_
32	with	with	ADP	IN	_	33	case	_	_
33	grass	grass	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	31	obl	_	_
34	like	like	ADP	IN	_	35	case	_	_
35	oxen	ox	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	33	nmod	_	_
36	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	41	punct	_	_
37	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	41	cc	_	_
38	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	39	nmod:poss	_	_
39	body	body	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	41	nsubj	_	_
40	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	41	cop	_	_
41	wet	wet	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	31	conj	_	_
42	with	with	ADP	IN	_	44	case	_	_
43	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	44	det	_	_
44	dew	dew	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	41	obl	_	_
45	of	of	ADP	IN	_	46	case	_	_
46	heaven	heaven	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	44	nmod	_	_
47	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	50	punct	_	_
48	until	until	SCONJ	IN	_	50	mark	_	_
49	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	50	nsubj	_	_
50	knew	know	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	advcl	_	_
51	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	55	mark	_	_
52	God	God	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	55	nsubj	_	_
53	Most	most	ADV	RBS	Degree=Sup	54	advmod	_	_
54	High	high	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	55	amod	_	_
55	ruleth	rule	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	50	ccomp	_	_
56	in	in	ADP	IN	_	58	case	_	_
57	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	58	det	_	_
58	kingdom	kingdom	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	55	obl	_	_
59	of	of	ADP	IN	_	60	case	_	_
60	men	man	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	58	nmod	_	_
61	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	65	punct	_	_
62	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	65	cc	_	_
63	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	65	mark	_	_
64	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	65	nsubj	_	_
65	setteth	set	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	55	conj	_	_
66	up	up	ADV	RP	_	65	compound:prt	_	_
67	over	over	ADP	IN	_	68	case	_	_
68	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	65	obl	_	_
69	whomsoever	whomsoever	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	65	obj	_	_
70	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	71	nsubj	_	_
71	will	will	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	69	acl:relcl	_	_
72	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **drive** | past · passive |  | God |  |  |  | from the sons of men | vn nonvehicle-51.4.2-1 «NP V NP PP.location»: subject=Theme from son=Trajectory |
| 2 | **make** | past · passive |  | God's heart |  |  |  | like the beasts | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: subject=Product |
| 3 | **is** | past | God's dwelling |  |  |  |  | with the wild asses | tree rules |
| 4 | **feed** | past · passive |  | God |  |  |  | with grass like oxen | vn feeding-39.7 «NP V NP»: subject=Recipient |
| 5 | **is** | past | God's body |  |  |  |  | with the dew of heaven; wet *property* | tree rules |
| 6 | **know** | past | God |  |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus |
| 7 | **rule** | present | God |  |  | the kingdom of men |  |  | vn dub-29.3.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 8 | **set up** | present | God | whomsoever |  | heart |  |  | vn put-9.1-2 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent whomsoever=Theme over it=Destination |
| 9 | **will** | infinitive | God |  |  |  |  |  | vn future\_having-13.3 «NP V NP.theme (PP)»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Aramaic of this verse {#hebrew}

<!-- .vhe dir=rtl lang=arc -->
וּמִן־בְּנֵי֩ אֲנָשָׁ֨א טְרִ֜יד וְלִבְבֵ֣הּ ׀ עִם־חֵיוְתָ֣א שַׁוִּ֗יְווְעִם־עֲרָֽדַיָּא֙ מְדוֹרֵ֔הּ עִשְׂבָּ֤א כְתוֹרִין֙ יְטַ֣עֲמוּנֵּ֔הּ וּמִטַּ֥ל שְׁמַיָּ֖א גִּשְׁמֵ֣הּ יִצְטַבַּ֑ע עַ֣ד דִּֽי־יְדַ֗ע דִּֽי־שַׁלִּ֞יט אֱלָהָ֤א עִלָּאָה֙ בְּמַלְכ֣וּת אֲנָשָׁ֔א וּלְמַן־דִּ֥י יִצְבֵּ֖ה יְהָקֵ֥ים עֲלַֽהּ׃

[Daniel 5:21: the Aramaic tree, its pragmatics →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/DAN.5.21/)

<!-- div src -->

**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:DAN:167` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
- ← previous: [Daniel 5:20 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/DAN.166/)
- next →: [Daniel 5:22 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/DAN.168/)
- ↑ back to [Daniel 5:21](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/DAN.5.21/)