--- title: Daniel 6:13 (JPS 1917) — Then they came near, and spoke before the king concerning the king's… · tree and pragmatics description: Then they came near, and spoke before the king concerning the king's interdict: 'Hast thou not signed an interdict, that every man that shall make petition unto any god or man within thirty days, save of thee, O king, shall be cast into the den of lions?' The king answered and said: 'The thing is tr --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/DAN.189/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Ketuvim](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/) / [Daniel](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/DAN/) / [chapter 6](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/DAN/6/) / [6:13](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/DAN.6.13/) / JPS 1 # Daniel 6:13 · JPS 1917 Then they came near, and spoke before the king concerning the king's interdict: 'Hast thou not signed an interdict, that every man that shall make petition unto any god or man within thirty days, save of thee, O king, shall be cast into the den of lions?' The king answered and said: 'The thing is true, according to the law of the Medes and Persians, which altereth not.' **Who acts:** men, thou, man, king, thing, law · **What happens:** come, speak, not sign, make, cast, answer · **To what, where:** interdict, petition, man, den · **Speech:** someone speaks here This is Daniel 6:13 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (men, thou, man, king), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = jps:DAN:189 # text = Then they came near, and spoke before the king concerning the king's interdict: 'Hast thou not signed an interdict, that every man that shall make petition unto any god or man within thirty days, save of thee, O king, shall be cast into the den of lions?' The king answered and said: 'The thing is true, according to the law of the Medes and Persians, which altereth not.' 1 Then then ADV RB PronType=Dem 3 advmod _ _ 2 they they PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 3 nsubj _ _ 3 came come VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 4 near near ADV RB _ 3 advmod _ _ 5 , , PUNCT , _ 7 punct _ _ 6 and and CCONJ CC _ 7 cc _ _ 7 spoke speak VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 3 conj _ _ 8 before before ADP IN _ 10 case _ _ 9 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 10 det _ _ 10 king king NOUN NN Number=Sing 7 obl _ _ 11 concerning concern ADP IN _ 15 case _ _ 12 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 13 det _ _ 13 king king NOUN NN Number=Sing 15 nmod:poss _ _ 14 's 's PART POS _ 13 case _ _ 15 interdict interdict NOUN NN Number=Sing 7 obl _ _ 16 : : PUNCT : _ 21 punct _ _ 17 ' ' PUNCT `` _ 21 punct _ _ 18 Hast have AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 21 aux _ _ 19 thou thou PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch 21 nsubj _ _ 20 not not PART RB Polarity=Neg 21 advmod _ _ 21 signed sign VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part 7 ccomp _ _ 22 an a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 23 det _ _ 23 interdict interdict NOUN NN Number=Sing 21 obj _ _ 24 , , PUNCT , _ 50 punct _ _ 25 that that SCONJ IN _ 50 mark _ _ 26 every every DET DT PronType=Tot 27 det _ _ 27 man man NOUN NN Number=Sing 50 nsubj:pass _ _ 28 that that PRON WDT PronType=Rel 30 nsubj _ _ 29 shall shall AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 30 aux _ _ 30 make make VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 27 acl:relcl _ _ 31 petition petition NOUN NN Number=Sing 30 obj _ _ 32 unto unto ADP IN _ 34 case _ _ 33 any any DET DT PronType=Ind 34 det _ _ 34 god god NOUN NN Number=Sing 30 obl _ _ 35 or or CCONJ CC _ 36 cc _ _ 36 man man NOUN NN Number=Sing 34 conj _ _ 37 within within ADP IN _ 39 case _ _ 38 thirty thirty NUM CD NumForm=Word|NumType=Card 39 nummod _ _ 39 days day NOUN NNS Number=Plur 30 obl _ _ 40 , , PUNCT , _ 41 punct _ _ 41 save save ADP IN _ 43 case _ _ 42 of of ADP IN _ 43 case _ _ 43 thee thou PRON PRP Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch 39 nmod _ _ 44 , , PUNCT , _ 46 punct _ _ 45 O o INTJ UH _ 46 discourse _ _ 46 king king NOUN NN Number=Sing 50 vocative _ _ 47 , , PUNCT , _ 50 punct _ _ 48 shall shall AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 50 aux _ _ 49 be be AUX VB VerbForm=Inf 50 aux:pass _ _ 50 cast cast VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 21 ccomp _ _ 51 into into ADP IN _ 53 case _ _ 52 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 53 det _ _ 53 den den NOUN NN Number=Sing 50 obl _ _ 54 of of ADP IN _ 55 case _ _ 55 lions lion NOUN NNS Number=Plur 53 nmod _ _ 56 ? ? PUNCT . _ 3 punct _ _ 57 ' ' PUNCT '' _ 3 punct _ _ 58 The the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 59 det _ _ 59 king king NOUN NN Number=Sing 60 nsubj _ _ 60 answered answer VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 3 parataxis _ _ 61 and and CCONJ CC _ 62 cc _ _ 62 said say VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 60 conj _ _ 63 : : PUNCT : _ 68 punct _ _ 64 ' ' PUNCT `` _ 68 punct _ _ 65 The the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 66 det _ _ 66 thing thing NOUN NN Number=Sing 68 nsubj _ _ 67 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 68 cop _ _ 68 true true ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 62 ccomp _ _ 69 , , PUNCT , _ 73 punct _ _ 70 according accord VERB VBG ExtPos=ADP|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 73 case _ _ 71 to to ADP IN _ 70 fixed _ _ 72 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 73 det _ _ 73 law law NOUN NN Number=Sing 68 obl _ _ 74 of of ADP IN _ 76 case _ _ 75 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 76 det _ _ 76 Medes Mede PROPN NNPS Number=Plur 73 nmod _ _ 77 and and CCONJ CC _ 78 cc _ _ 78 Persians Persian PROPN NNPS Number=Plur 76 conj _ _ 79 , , PUNCT , _ 81 punct _ _ 80 which which PRON WDT PronType=Rel 81 nsubj _ _ 81 altereth alter VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 73 acl:relcl _ _ 82 not not PART RB Polarity=Neg 81 advmod _ _ 83 . . PUNCT . _ 3 punct _ _ 84 ' ' PUNCT '' _ 3 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: narrate - voice: character - polarity: none - teacher: changed act=narrate, polarity=none | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **come** | past | men *= man* | | | | then | near *property* | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 2 | **speak** *speech: other* | past | men *= man* *not said here* | | | | before the king | concern the king's interdict | tree rules | | 3 | **not** **sign** | present · perfect | thou | a interdict | | | | | vn instr\_communication-37.4.1 «NP V NP.recipient that S»: agent=Agent interdict=Recipient clause=Topic | | 4 | **make** | shall | every man | petition | | | day | unto any god or man | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset petition=Product | | 5 | **cast** | shall · passive | | every man | | the den of lions | | king *vocative* | vn build-26.1 «NP V NP.material PP.product»: subject=Material into den=Product | | 6 | **answer** *speech: assert* | past | the king | | | | | | vn reciprocate-112-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | | 7 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | the king *not said here* | | | | | | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent | | 8 | **is** | present | the thing | | | | | accord the law of the Medes and Persians; true *property* | tree rules | | 9 | **accord** | gerund | | | | | | | vn future\_having-13.3 «NP V NP.theme (PP)»: agent=Agent | | 10 | **not** **alter** | present | the law of the Medes and Persians | | | | | | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient | | 11 | **interdict** | | the king | | | | | | nom interdict «communication transitive»: poss=agent | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. ## The Aramaic of this verse {#hebrew} בֵּ֠אדַיִן קְרִ֨יבוּ וְאָמְרִ֥ין קֳדָם־מַלְכָּא֮ עַל־אֱסָ֣ר מַלְכָּא֒ הֲלָ֧א אֱסָ֣ר רְשַׁ֗מְתָּ דִּ֣י כָל־אֱנָ֡שׁ דִּֽי־יִבְעֵה֩ מִן־כָּל־אֱלָ֨הּ וֶֽאֱנָ֜שׁ עַד־יוֹמִ֣ין תְּלָתִ֗ין לָהֵן֙ מִנָּ֣ךְ מַלְכָּ֔א יִתְרְמֵ֕א לְג֖וֹב אַרְיָותָ֑א עָנֵ֨ה מַלְכָּ֜א וְאָמַ֗ר יַצִּיבָ֧א מִלְּתָ֛א כְּדָת־מָדַ֥י וּפָרַ֖ס דִּי־לָ֥א תֶעְדֵּֽא׃ [Daniel 6:13: the Aramaic tree, its pragmatics →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/DAN.6.13/) **Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:DAN:189` of Mova's parse database. **The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter. - ← previous: [Daniel 6:12 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/DAN.188/) - next →: [Daniel 6:14 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/DAN.190/) - ↑ back to [Daniel 6:13](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/DAN.6.13/)