---
title: Daniel 7:2 (JPS 1917) — Daniel spoke and said: I saw in my vision by night, and, behold, the… · tree and pragmatics
description: Daniel spoke and said: I saw in my vision by night, and, behold, the four winds of the heaven broke forth upon the great sea. Who acts: Daniel, I, four winds. Daniel 7:2 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Daniel 7:2 · JPS 1917

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Daniel spoke and said: I saw in my vision by night, and, behold, the four winds of the heaven broke forth upon the great sea.

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**Who acts:** Daniel, I, four winds · **What happens:** speak, say, see, break, wind · **To what, where:** vision, great sea, heaven · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is Daniel 7:2 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Daniel, I, four winds), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:DAN:209
# text = Daniel spoke and said: I saw in my vision by night, and, behold, the four winds of the heaven broke forth upon the great sea.
1	Daniel	Daniel	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	spoke	speak	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	4	cc	_	_
4	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
5	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	7	punct	_	_
6	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	7	nsubj	_	_
7	saw	see	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	ccomp	_	_
8	in	in	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	10	nmod:poss	_	_
10	vision	vision	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	_
11	by	by	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	night	night	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	_
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	24	punct	_	_
14	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	24	cc	_	_
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
16	behold	behold	INTJ	UH	_	24	discourse	_	_
17	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
18	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	20	det	_	_
19	four	four	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	20	nummod	_	_
20	winds	wind	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	24	nsubj	_	_
21	of	of	ADP	IN	_	23	case	_	_
22	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	23	det	_	_
23	heaven	heaven	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	nmod	_	_
24	broke	break	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	7	conj	_	_
25	forth	forth	ADV	RB	_	24	advmod	_	_
26	upon	upon	ADP	IN	_	29	case	_	_
27	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	29	det	_	_
28	great	great	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	29	amod	_	_
29	sea	sea	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	24	obl	_	_
30	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **speak** *speech: other* | past | Daniel |  |  |  |  |  | vn talk-37.5 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | Daniel *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 3 | **see** | past | I |  |  | my vision | night |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer |
| 4 | **break** | past | the four winds of the heaven |  |  | the great sea |  | forth *property* | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme upon sea=Location |
| 5 | **wind** |  |  | the heaven |  |  |  |  | nom wind «phenomenon transitive»: of=patient |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Aramaic of this verse {#hebrew}

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עָנֵ֤ה דָנִיֵּאל֙ וְאָמַ֔ר חָזֵ֥ה הֲוֵ֛ית בְּחֶזְוִ֖י עִם־לֵֽילְיָ֑א וַאֲר֗וּ אַרְבַּע֙ רוּחֵ֣י שְׁמַיָּ֔א מְגִיחָ֖ן לְיַמָּ֥א רַבָּֽא׃

[Daniel 7:2: the Aramaic tree, its pragmatics →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/DAN.7.2/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:DAN:209` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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