--- title: Daniel 7:7 (JPS 1917) — After this I saw in the night visions, and behold a fourth beast, dr… · tree and pragmatics description: After this I saw in the night visions, and behold a fourth beast, dreadful and terrible, and strong exceedingly; and it had great iron teeth; it devoured and broke in pieces, and stamped the residue with its feet; and it was diverse from all the beasts that were before it; and it had ten horns. 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The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (I, dominion, beasts), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = jps:DAN:214 # text = After this I saw in the night visions, and behold a fourth beast, dreadful and terrible, and strong exceedingly; and it had great iron teeth; it devoured and broke in pieces, and stamped the residue with its feet; and it was diverse from all the beasts that were before it; and it had ten horns. 1 After after ADP IN _ 2 case _ _ 2 this this PRON DT Number=Sing|PronType=Dem 4 obl _ _ 3 I I PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 4 nsubj _ _ 4 saw see VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 5 in in ADP IN _ 8 case _ _ 6 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 8 det _ _ 7 night night NOUN NN Number=Sing 8 compound _ _ 8 visions vision NOUN NNS Number=Plur 4 obl _ _ 9 , , PUNCT , _ 11 punct _ _ 10 and and CCONJ CC _ 11 cc _ _ 11 behold behold VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 4 conj _ _ 12 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 14 det _ _ 13 fourth fourth ADJ JJ Degree=Pos|NumForm=Word|NumType=Ord 14 amod _ _ 14 beast beast NOUN NN Number=Sing 11 obj _ _ 15 , , PUNCT , _ 16 punct _ _ 16 dreadful dreadful ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 14 amod _ _ 17 and and CCONJ CC _ 18 cc _ _ 18 terrible terrible ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 16 conj _ _ 19 , , PUNCT , _ 21 punct _ _ 20 and and CCONJ CC _ 21 cc _ _ 21 strong strong ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 16 conj _ _ 22 exceedingly exceedingly ADV RB _ 21 advmod _ _ 23 ; ; PUNCT : _ 26 punct _ _ 24 and and CCONJ CC _ 26 cc _ _ 25 it it PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 26 nsubj _ _ 26 had have VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 4 conj _ _ 27 great great ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 29 amod _ _ 28 iron iron NOUN NN Number=Sing 29 compound _ _ 29 teeth tooth NOUN NNS Number=Plur 26 obj _ _ 30 ; ; PUNCT : _ 32 punct _ _ 31 it it PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 32 nsubj _ _ 32 devoured devour VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 4 parataxis _ _ 33 and and CCONJ CC _ 34 cc _ _ 34 broke break VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 32 conj _ _ 35 in in ADP IN _ 36 case _ _ 36 pieces piece NOUN NNS Number=Plur 34 obl _ _ 37 , , PUNCT , _ 39 punct _ _ 38 and and CCONJ CC _ 39 cc _ _ 39 stamped stamp VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 32 conj _ _ 40 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 41 det _ _ 41 residue residue NOUN NN Number=Sing 39 obj _ _ 42 with with ADP IN _ 44 case _ _ 43 its its PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 44 nmod:poss _ _ 44 feet foot NOUN NNS Number=Plur 39 obl _ _ 45 ; ; PUNCT : _ 49 punct _ _ 46 and and CCONJ CC _ 49 cc _ _ 47 it it PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 49 nsubj _ _ 48 was be AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 49 cop _ _ 49 diverse diverse ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 4 conj _ _ 50 from from ADP IN _ 53 case _ _ 51 all all DET PDT PronType=Tot 53 det:predet _ _ 52 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 53 det _ _ 53 beasts beast NOUN NNS Number=Plur 49 obl _ _ 54 that that PRON WDT PronType=Rel 57 nsubj _ _ 55 were be AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 57 cop _ _ 56 before before ADP IN _ 57 case _ _ 57 it it PRON PRP Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 53 acl:relcl _ _ 58 ; ; PUNCT : _ 61 punct _ _ 59 and and CCONJ CC _ 61 cc _ _ 60 it it PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 61 nsubj _ _ 61 had have VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 4 conj _ _ 62 ten ten NUM CD NumForm=Word|NumType=Card 63 nummod _ _ 63 horns horn NOUN NNS Number=Plur 61 obj _ _ 64 . . PUNCT . _ 4 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: narrate - voice: narrator - polarity: none - teacher: kept the draft | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **see** | past | I | | | the night visions | after this | | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer | | 2 | **behold** | infinitive | I *not said here* | a fourth beast | | | | | vn sight-30.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer beast=Stimulus | | 3 | **have** | past | dominion | great iron teeth | | | | | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent tooth=Patient | | 4 | **devour** | past | dominion | | | | | | vn devour-39.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent | | 5 | **break** | past | dominion *not said here* | | | pieces | | | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in piece=Location | | 6 | **stamp** | past | dominion *not said here* | the residue | | | | with dominion's feet | vn image\_impression-25.1 «NP V NP.destination PP.theme»: agent=Agent residue=Destination with foot=Theme | | 7 | **is** | past | dominion | | | all beasts | | diverse *property* | tree rules | | 8 | **is** | past | all beasts | | | | before residue | | tree rules | | 9 | **have** | past | dominion | ten horns | | | | | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent horn=Patient | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. ## The Aramaic of this verse {#hebrew} בָּאתַ֣ר דְּנָה֩ חָזֵ֨ה הֲוֵ֜ית בְּחֶזְוֵ֣י לֵֽילְיָ֗א וַאֲר֣וּ חֵיוָ֣ה רְֽבִיעָאָ֡ה דְּחִילָה֩ וְאֵֽימְתָנִ֨י וְתַקִּיפָ֜א יַתִּ֗ירָא וְשִׁנַּ֨יִן דִּֽי־פַרְזֶ֥ל לַהּ֙ רַבְרְבָ֔ן אָֽכְלָ֣ה וּמַדֱּקָ֔ה וּשְׁאָרָ֖א בְּרַגְלַ֣הּ רָפְסָ֑ה וְהִ֣יא מְשַׁנְּיָ֗ה מִן־כָּל־חֵֽיוָתָא֙ דִּ֣י קָֽדָמַ֔יהּ וְקַרְנַ֥יִן עֲשַׂ֖ר לַֽהּ׃ [Daniel 7:7: the Aramaic tree, its pragmatics →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/DAN.7.7/) **Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:DAN:214` of Mova's parse database. **The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter. - ← previous: [Daniel 7:6 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/DAN.213/) - next →: [Daniel 7:8 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/DAN.215/) - ↑ back to [Daniel 7:7](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/DAN.7.7/)