---
title: Daniel 7:9 (JPS 1917) — I beheld till thrones were placed, and one that was ancient of days… · tree and pragmatics
description: I beheld till thrones were placed, and one that was ancient of days did sit: his raiment was as white snow, and the hair of his head like pure wool; his throne was fiery flames, and the wheels thereof burning fire. Who acts: I, one, raiment, throne. Daniel 7:9 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree an
---

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# Daniel 7:9 · JPS 1917

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
I beheld till thrones were placed, and one that was ancient of days did sit: his raiment was as white snow, and the hair of his head like pure wool; his throne was fiery flames, and the wheels thereof burning fire.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** I, one, raiment, throne, wheels · **What happens:** behold, place, be, sit, burn · **To what, where:** thrones, fiery flames, fire

<!-- .vabout -->
This is Daniel 7:9 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (I, one, raiment, throne), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:DAN:216
# text = I beheld till thrones were placed, and one that was ancient of days did sit: his raiment was as white snow, and the hair of his head like pure wool; his throne was fiery flames, and the wheels thereof burning fire.
1	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	beheld	behold	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	till	till	SCONJ	IN	_	6	mark	_	_
4	thrones	throne	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nsubj:pass	_	_
5	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	aux:pass	_	_
6	placed	place	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	advcl	_	_
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	16	cc	_	_
9	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	16	nsubj	_	_
10	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	12	nsubj	_	_
11	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	12	cop	_	_
12	ancient	ancient	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	acl:relcl	_	_
13	of	of	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
14	days	day	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	12	obl	_	_
15	did	do	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	16	aux	_	_
16	sit	sit	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	conj	_	_
17	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	23	punct	_	_
18	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	19	nmod:poss	_	_
19	raiment	raiment	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	23	nsubj	_	_
20	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	23	cop	_	_
21	as	as	ADP	IN	_	23	case	_	_
22	white	white	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	23	amod	_	_
23	snow	snow	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	conj	_	_
24	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	27	punct	_	_
25	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	27	cc	_	_
26	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	27	det	_	_
27	hair	hair	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	23	conj	_	_
28	of	of	ADP	IN	_	30	case	_	_
29	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	30	nmod:poss	_	_
30	head	head	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	27	nmod	_	_
31	like	like	ADP	IN	_	33	case	_	_
32	pure	pure	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	33	amod	_	_
33	wool	wool	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	27	nmod	_	_
34	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	39	punct	_	_
35	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	36	nmod:poss	_	_
36	throne	throne	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	39	nsubj	_	_
37	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	39	cop	_	_
38	fiery	fiery	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	39	amod	_	_
39	flames	flame	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	23	conj	_	_
40	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	43	punct	_	_
41	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	43	cc	_	_
42	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	43	det	_	_
43	wheels	wheel	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	39	conj	_	_
44	thereof	thereof	ADV	RB	_	43	advmod	_	_
45	burning	burn	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	43	acl	_	_
46	fire	fire	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	45	obj	_	_
47	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: statement
- act: narrate
- voice: character
- polarity: pos
- teacher: changed voice=character

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **behold** | past | I |  |  |  |  |  | vn sight-30.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer |
| 2 | **place** | past · passive |  | thrones |  |  |  |  | vn put-9.1-2 «NP V PP.destination NP»: subject=Theme |
| 3 | **is** | past |  |  |  |  | day | ancient *property* | tree rules |
| 4 | **sit** | past · do-support | one |  |  |  |  |  | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 5 | **is** | past | three's raiment |  |  |  |  | as white snow and the hair of three's head like pure wool and fiery flames and the wheels | tree rules |
| 6 | **is a** | past | three's throne | fiery flames and the wheels |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 7 | **burn** | gerund | the wheels *not said here* | fire |  |  |  |  | vn light\_emission-43.1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent fire=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Aramaic of this verse {#hebrew}

<!-- .vhe dir=rtl lang=arc -->
חָזֵ֣ה הֲוֵ֗ית עַ֣ד דִּ֤י כָרְסָוָן֙ רְמִ֔יו וְעַתִּ֥יק יוֹמִ֖ין יְתִ֑ב לְבוּשֵׁ֣הּ ׀ כִּתְלַ֣ג חִוָּ֗ר וּשְׂעַ֤ר רֵאשֵׁהּ֙ כַּעֲמַ֣ר נְקֵ֔א כָּרְסְיֵהּ֙ שְׁבִיבִ֣ין דִּי־נ֔וּר גַּלְגִּלּ֖וֹהִי נ֥וּר דָּלִֽק׃

[Daniel 7:9: the Aramaic tree, its pragmatics →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/DAN.7.9/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:DAN:216` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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