---
title: Daniel 7:13 (JPS 1917) — I saw in the night visions, and, behold, there came with the clouds… · tree and pragmatics
description: I saw in the night visions, and, behold, there came with the clouds of heaven one like unto a son of man, and he came even to the Ancient of days, and he was brought near before Him. Who acts: I, one, man. Daniel 7:13 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Daniel 7:13 · JPS 1917

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
I saw in the night visions, and, behold, there came with the clouds of heaven one like unto a son of man, and he came even to the Ancient of days, and he was brought near before Him.

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**Who acts:** I, one, man · **What happens:** see, come, bring, cloud · **To what, where:** night visions, Ancient, man, heaven

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This is Daniel 7:13 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (I, one, man), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:DAN:220
# text = I saw in the night visions, and, behold, there came with the clouds of heaven one like unto a son of man, and he came even to the Ancient of days, and he was brought near before Him.
1	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	saw	see	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	in	in	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	night	night	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	_
6	visions	vision	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obl	_	_
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
10	behold	behold	INTJ	UH	_	13	discourse	_	_
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
12	there	there	PRON	EX	PronType=Dem	13	expl	_	_
13	came	come	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
14	with	with	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
15	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
16	clouds	cloud	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	13	obl	_	_
17	of	of	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
18	heaven	heaven	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	nmod	_	_
19	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	13	nsubj	_	_
20	like	like	ADP	IN	_	23	case	_	_
21	unto	unto	ADP	IN	_	23	case	_	_
22	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	23	det	_	_
23	son	son	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	nmod	_	_
24	of	of	ADP	IN	_	25	case	_	_
25	man	man	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	23	nmod	_	_
26	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	29	punct	_	_
27	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	29	cc	_	_
28	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	29	nsubj	_	_
29	came	come	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
30	even	even	ADV	RB	_	33	advmod	_	_
31	to	to	ADP	IN	_	33	case	_	_
32	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	33	det	_	_
33	Ancient	ancient	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	29	obl	_	_
34	of	of	ADP	IN	_	35	case	_	_
35	days	day	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	33	flat	_	_
36	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	40	punct	_	_
37	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	40	cc	_	_
38	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	40	nsubj:pass	_	_
39	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	40	aux:pass	_	_
40	brought	bring	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	conj	_	_
41	near	near	ADV	RB	_	40	advmod	_	_
42	before	before	ADP	IN	_	43	case	_	_
43	Him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	40	obl	_	_
44	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: statement
- act: narrate
- voice: narrator
- polarity: pos
- teacher: kept the draft

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **see** | past | I |  |  | the night visions |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer |
| 2 | **come** | past | one like a son of man |  |  | there |  | with the clouds of heaven | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **come** | past | man |  |  | the Ancient |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme to ancient=Initial\_Location |
| 4 | **bring** | past · passive |  | man |  |  | before stream | near *property* | vn bring-11.3-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: subject=Theme before he=Destination |
| 5 | **cloud** |  |  | heaven |  |  |  |  | nom cloud «phenomenon transitive»: of=patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Aramaic of this verse {#hebrew}

<!-- .vhe dir=rtl lang=arc -->
חָזֵ֤ה הֲוֵית֙ בְּחֶזְוֵ֣י לֵֽילְיָ֔א וַאֲרוּ֙ עִם־עֲנָנֵ֣י שְׁמַיָּ֔א כְּבַ֥ר אֱנָ֖שׁ אָתֵ֣ה הֲוָ֑ה וְעַד־עַתִּ֤יק יֽוֹמַיָּא֙ מְטָ֔ה וּקְדָמ֖וֹהִי הַקְרְבֽוּהִי׃

[Daniel 7:13: the Aramaic tree, its pragmatics →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/DAN.7.13/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:DAN:220` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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