--- title: Daniel 7:23 (JPS 1917) — Thus he said: 'The fourth beast shall be a fourth kingdom upon earth… · tree and pragmatics description: Thus he said: 'The fourth beast shall be a fourth kingdom upon earth, which shall be diverse from all the kingdoms, and shall devour the whole earth, and shall tread it down, and break it in pieces. Who acts: judgment, fourth beast, earth. Daniel 7:23 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pra --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/DAN.231/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Ketuvim](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/) / [Daniel](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/DAN/) / [chapter 7](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/DAN/7/) / [7:23](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/DAN.7.23/) / JPS 1 # Daniel 7:23 · JPS 1917 Thus he said: 'The fourth beast shall be a fourth kingdom upon earth, which shall be diverse from all the kingdoms, and shall devour the whole earth, and shall tread it down, and break it in pieces. **Who acts:** judgment, fourth beast, earth · **What happens:** say, be, devour, tread down, break · **To what, where:** fourth kingdom, kingdoms, whole earth, earth, pieces · **Speech:** someone speaks here This is Daniel 7:23 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (judgment, fourth beast, earth), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = jps:DAN:231 # text = Thus he said: 'The fourth beast shall be a fourth kingdom upon earth, which shall be diverse from all the kingdoms, and shall devour the whole earth, and shall tread it down, and break it in pieces. 1 Thus thus ADV RB _ 3 advmod _ _ 2 he he PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 3 nsubj _ _ 3 said say VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 4 : : PUNCT : _ 3 punct _ _ 5 ' ' PUNCT `` _ 8 punct _ _ 6 The the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 8 det _ _ 7 fourth fourth ADJ JJ Degree=Pos|NumForm=Word|NumType=Ord 8 amod _ _ 8 beast beast NOUN NN Number=Sing 13 nsubj _ _ 9 shall shall AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 13 aux _ _ 10 be be AUX VB VerbForm=Inf 13 cop _ _ 11 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 13 det _ _ 12 fourth fourth ADJ JJ Degree=Pos|NumForm=Word|NumType=Ord 13 amod _ _ 13 kingdom kingdom NOUN NN Number=Sing 3 ccomp _ _ 14 upon upon ADP IN _ 15 case _ _ 15 earth earth NOUN NN Number=Sing 13 nmod _ _ 16 , , PUNCT , _ 20 punct _ _ 17 which which PRON WDT PronType=Rel 20 nsubj _ _ 18 shall shall AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 20 aux _ _ 19 be be AUX VB VerbForm=Inf 20 cop _ _ 20 diverse diverse ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 15 acl:relcl _ _ 21 from from ADP IN _ 24 case _ _ 22 all all DET PDT PronType=Tot 24 det:predet _ _ 23 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 24 det _ _ 24 kingdoms kingdom NOUN NNS Number=Plur 20 obl _ _ 25 , , PUNCT , _ 28 punct _ _ 26 and and CCONJ CC _ 28 cc _ _ 27 shall shall AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 28 aux _ _ 28 devour devour VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 20 conj _ _ 29 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 31 det _ _ 30 whole whole ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 31 amod _ _ 31 earth earth NOUN NN Number=Sing 28 obj _ _ 32 , , PUNCT , _ 35 punct _ _ 33 and and CCONJ CC _ 35 cc _ _ 34 shall shall AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 35 aux _ _ 35 tread tread VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 28 conj _ _ 36 it it PRON PRP Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 35 obj _ _ 37 down down ADP RP _ 35 compound:prt _ _ 38 , , PUNCT , _ 40 punct _ _ 39 and and CCONJ CC _ 40 cc _ _ 40 break break VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 35 conj _ _ 41 it it PRON PRP Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 40 obj _ _ 42 in in ADP IN _ 43 case _ _ 43 pieces piece NOUN NNS Number=Plur 40 obl _ _ 44 . . PUNCT . _ 3 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: character - polarity: none - teacher: kept the draft | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | judgment | | | | | thus *property* | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent | | 2 | **is a** | shall | the fourth beast | a fourth kingdom | | | | upon earth | tree rules | | 3 | **is** | shall | earth | | | all kingdoms | | diverse *property* | tree rules | | 4 | **devour** | shall | earth *not said here* | the whole earth | | | | | vn devour-39.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent earth=Patient | | 5 | **tread down** | shall | earth *not said here* | earth | | | | | vn run-51.3.2 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Initial\_Location it=Theme | | 6 | **break** | infinitive | earth *not said here* | earth | | pieces | | | vn hurt-40.8.3-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer it=Patient | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. ## The Aramaic of this verse {#hebrew} כֵּן֮ אֲמַר֒ חֵֽיוְתָא֙ רְבִיעָ֣יְתָ֔א מַלְכ֤וּ רְבִיעָאָה֙ תֶּהֱוֵ֣א בְאַרְעָ֔א דִּ֥י תִשְׁנֵ֖א מִן־כָּל־מַלְכְוָתָ֑א וְתֵאכֻל֙ כָּל־אַרְעָ֔א וּתְדוּשִׁנַּ֖הּ וְתַדְּקִנַּֽהּ׃ [Daniel 7:23: the Aramaic tree, its pragmatics →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/DAN.7.23/) **Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:DAN:231` of Mova's parse database. **The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter. - ← previous: [Daniel 7:22 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/DAN.230/) - next →: [Daniel 7:24 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/DAN.232/) - ↑ back to [Daniel 7:23](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/DAN.7.23/)