---
title: Daniel 8:3 (JPS 1917) — And I lifted up mine eyes, and saw, and, behold, there stood before… · tree and pragmatics
description: And I lifted up mine eyes, and saw, and, behold, there stood before the stream a ram which had two horns; and the two horns were high; but one was higher than the other, and the higher came up last. Who acts: I, ram, two horns, one. Daniel 8:3 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics 
---

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# Daniel 8:3 · JPS 1917

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
And I lifted up mine eyes, and saw, and, behold, there stood before the stream a ram which had two horns; and the two horns were high; but one was higher than the other, and the higher came up last.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** I, ram, two horns, one, higher · **What happens:** lift up, see, stand, have, be, come up · **To what, where:** eyes, stream, two horns

<!-- .vabout -->
This is Daniel 8:3 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (I, ram, two horns, one), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:DAN:240
# text = And I lifted up mine eyes, and saw, and, behold, there stood before the stream a ram which had two horns; and the two horns were high; but one was higher than the other, and the higher came up last.
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	3	cc	_	_
2	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
3	lifted	lift	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	up	up	ADP	RP	_	3	compound:prt	_	_
5	mine	mine	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	6	nmod:poss	_	_
6	eyes	eye	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
9	saw	see	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
11	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	16	cc	_	_
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
13	behold	behold	INTJ	UH	_	16	discourse	_	_
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
15	there	there	PRON	EX	PronType=Dem	16	expl	_	_
16	stood	stand	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
17	before	before	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
18	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
19	stream	stream	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	obl	_	_
20	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	21	det	_	_
21	ram	ram	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	nsubj	_	_
22	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	23	nsubj	_	_
23	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	21	acl:relcl	_	_
24	two	two	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	25	nummod	_	_
25	horns	horn	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	23	obj	_	_
26	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	32	punct	_	_
27	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	32	cc	_	_
28	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	30	det	_	_
29	two	two	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	30	nummod	_	_
30	horns	horn	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	32	nsubj	_	_
31	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	32	cop	_	_
32	high	high	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	conj	_	_
33	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	37	punct	_	_
34	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	37	cc	_	_
35	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	37	nsubj	_	_
36	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	37	cop	_	_
37	higher	high	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	3	conj	_	_
38	than	than	ADP	IN	_	40	case	_	_
39	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	40	det	_	_
40	other	other	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	37	obl	_	_
41	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	45	punct	_	_
42	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	45	cc	_	_
43	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	44	det	_	_
44	higher	high	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	45	nsubj	_	_
45	came	come	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	37	conj	_	_
46	up	up	ADV	RB	_	45	advmod	_	_
47	last	last	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	45	advmod	_	_
48	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **lift up** | past | I | mine eyes |  |  |  |  | vn put\_direction-9.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent eye=Theme |
| 2 | **see** | past | I *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer |
| 3 | **stand** | past | a ram |  |  | the stream; there |  |  | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent before stream=Location |
| 4 | **have** | past | a ram | two horns |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent horn=Patient |
| 5 | **is** | past | the two horns |  |  |  |  | high *property* | tree rules |
| 6 | **is** | past | one |  |  |  |  | than the other; high *property* | tree rules |
| 7 | **come up** | past | the higher |  |  |  |  | last *property* | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

<!-- .vhe dir=rtl lang=hbo -->
וָאֶשָּׂ֤א עֵינַי֙ וָאֶרְאֶ֔ה וְהִנֵּ֣ה ׀ אַ֣יִל אֶחָ֗ד עֹמֵ֛ד לִפְנֵ֥י הָאֻבָ֖ל וְל֣וֹ קְרָנָ֑יִם וְהַקְּרָנַ֣יִם גְּבֹה֗וֹת וְהָאַחַת֙ גְּבֹהָ֣ה מִן־הַשֵּׁנִ֔ית וְהַ֨גְּבֹהָ֔ה עֹלָ֖ה בָּאַחֲרֹנָֽה׃

[Daniel 8:3: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/DAN.8.3/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:DAN:240` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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