---
title: Daniel 8:4 (JPS 1917) — I saw the ram pushing westward, and northward, and southward; and no… · tree and pragmatics
description: I saw the ram pushing westward, and northward, and southward; and no beasts could stand before him, neither was there any that could deliver out of his hand; but he did according to his will, and magnified himself. Who acts: I, ram, beasts, any. Daniel 8:4 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and th
---

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# Daniel 8:4 · JPS 1917

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
I saw the ram pushing westward, and northward, and southward; and no beasts could stand before him, neither was there any that could deliver out of his hand; but he did according to his will, and magnified himself.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** I, ram, beasts, any · **What happens:** see, push, stand, be, deliver, do · **To what, where:** ram, hand

<!-- .vabout -->
This is Daniel 8:4 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (I, ram, beasts, any), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:DAN:241
# text = I saw the ram pushing westward, and northward, and southward; and no beasts could stand before him, neither was there any that could deliver out of his hand; but he did according to his will, and magnified himself.
1	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	saw	see	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	ram	ram	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	pushing	push	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	2	xcomp	_	_
6	westward	westward	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
9	northward	northward	ADV	RB	_	6	conj	_	_
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
11	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
12	southward	southward	ADV	RB	_	6	conj	_	_
13	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	18	punct	_	_
14	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	18	cc	_	_
15	no	no	DET	DT	PronType=Neg	16	det	_	_
16	beasts	beast	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	18	nsubj	_	_
17	could	could	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	18	aux	_	_
18	stand	stand	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	conj	_	_
19	before	before	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
20	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	18	obl	_	_
21	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	23	punct	_	_
22	neither	neither	CCONJ	CC	Polarity=Neg	23	cc	_	_
23	was	be	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	18	conj	_	_
24	there	there	PRON	EX	PronType=Dem	23	expl	_	_
25	any	any	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	23	nsubj	_	_
26	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	28	nsubj	_	_
27	could	could	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	28	aux	_	_
28	deliver	deliver	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	25	acl:relcl	_	_
29	out	out	ADP	IN	_	32	case	_	_
30	of	of	ADP	IN	_	32	case	_	_
31	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	32	nmod:poss	_	_
32	hand	hand	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	28	obl	_	_
33	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	36	punct	_	_
34	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	36	cc	_	_
35	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	36	nsubj	_	_
36	did	do	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
37	according	accord	VERB	VBG	ExtPos=ADP|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	40	case	_	_
38	to	to	ADP	IN	_	37	fixed	_	_
39	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	40	nmod:poss	_	_
40	will	will	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	36	obl	_	_
41	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	43	punct	_	_
42	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	43	cc	_	_
43	magnified	magnify	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	36	conj	_	_
44	himself	himself	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes	43	obj	_	_
45	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: statement
- act: narrate
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: changed act=narrate

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **see** | past | I | the ram |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **push** | gerund | the ram *not said here* |  |  |  |  | westward *property* | vn push-12-1-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **stand** | could | no beasts |  |  |  | before ram |  | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent before he=Location |
| 4 | **be** | past | any |  |  | there |  |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 5 | **deliver** | could |  |  |  | ram's hand |  |  | vn send-11.1 «NP V NP PP.initial\_location»: agent=Agent out hand=Initial\_Location |
| 6 | **do** | past | ram |  |  |  |  | accord ram's will | vn act-114-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 7 | **accord** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn future\_having-13.3 «NP V NP.theme (PP)»: agent=Agent |
| 8 | **magnify** | past | ram *not said here* | ram |  |  |  |  | vn remedy-45.7-1 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent himself=Patient |
| 9 | **will** |  | ram |  |  |  |  |  | nom will «cognition transitive»: poss=agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

<!-- .vhe dir=rtl lang=hbo -->
רָאִ֣יתִי אֶת־הָאַ֡יִל מְנַגֵּחַ֩ יָ֨מָּה וְצָפ֜וֹנָה וָנֶ֗גְבָּה וְכָל־חַיּוֹת֙ לֹֽא־יַֽעַמְד֣וּ לְפָנָ֔יו וְאֵ֥ין מַצִּ֖יל מִיָּד֑וֹ וְעָשָׂ֥ה כִרְצֹנ֖וֹ וְהִגְדִּֽיל׃

[Daniel 8:4: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/DAN.8.4/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:DAN:241` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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