---
title: Daniel 8:8 (JPS 1917) — And the he-goat magnified himself exceedingly; and when he was stron… · tree and pragmatics
description: And the he-goat magnified himself exceedingly; and when he was strong, the great horn was broken; and instead of it there came up the appearance of four horns toward the four winds of heaven. Who acts: he goat, goat, appearance. Daniel 8:8 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of e
---

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# Daniel 8:8 · JPS 1917

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And the he-goat magnified himself exceedingly; and when he was strong, the great horn was broken; and instead of it there came up the appearance of four horns toward the four winds of heaven.

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**Who acts:** he goat, goat, appearance · **What happens:** magnify, be, break, come up, wind · **To what, where:** goat, great horn, four winds, heaven

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This is Daniel 8:8 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (he goat, goat, appearance), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:DAN:245
# text = And the he-goat magnified himself exceedingly; and when he was strong, the great horn was broken; and instead of it there came up the appearance of four horns toward the four winds of heaven.
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
3	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	5	compound	_	_
4	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	3	punct	_	_
5	goat	goat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
6	magnified	magnify	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	himself	himself	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes	6	obj	_	_
8	exceedingly	exceedingly	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
9	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	20	punct	_	_
10	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	20	cc	_	_
11	when	when	SCONJ	WRB	_	14	mark	_	_
12	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	14	nsubj	_	_
13	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	14	cop	_	_
14	strong	strong	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	20	advcl	_	_
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
16	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
17	great	great	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	18	amod	_	_
18	horn	horn	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	nsubj:pass	_	_
19	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	20	aux:pass	_	_
20	broken	break	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	6	conj	_	_
21	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	27	punct	_	_
22	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	27	cc	_	_
23	instead	instead	ADV	RB	ExtPos=ADP	25	case	_	_
24	of	of	ADP	IN	_	23	fixed	_	_
25	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	27	obl	_	_
26	there	there	PRON	EX	PronType=Dem	27	expl	_	_
27	came	come	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	conj	_	_
28	up	up	ADV	RP	_	27	advmod	_	_
29	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	30	det	_	_
30	appearance	appearance	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	27	nsubj	_	_
31	of	of	ADP	IN	_	33	case	_	_
32	four	four	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	33	nummod	_	_
33	horns	horn	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	30	nmod	_	_
34	toward	toward	ADP	IN	_	37	case	_	_
35	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	37	det	_	_
36	four	four	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	37	nummod	_	_
37	winds	wind	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	27	obl	_	_
38	of	of	ADP	IN	_	39	case	_	_
39	heaven	heaven	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	37	nmod	_	_
40	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **magnify** | past | the he goat | goat |  |  |  | exceedingly *property* | vn remedy-45.7-1 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent himself=Patient |
| 2 | **is** | past | goat |  |  |  |  | strong *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **break** | past · passive |  | the great horn |  |  |  |  | vn hurt-40.8.3-1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient |
| 4 | **come up** | past | the appearance of four horns |  |  | the four winds of heaven; there |  | instead power | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme toward wind=Initial\_Location |
| 5 | **wind** |  |  | heaven |  |  |  |  | nom wind «phenomenon transitive»: of=patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

<!-- .vhe dir=rtl lang=hbo -->
וּצְפִ֥יר הָעִזִּ֖ים הִגְדִּ֣יל עַד־מְאֹ֑ד וּכְעָצְמ֗וֹ נִשְׁבְּרָה֙ הַקֶּ֣רֶן הַגְּדוֹלָ֔ה וַֽתַּעֲלֶ֜נָה חָז֤וּת אַרְבַּע֙ תַּחְתֶּ֔יהָ לְאַרְבַּ֖ע רוּח֥וֹת הַשָּׁמָֽיִם׃

[Daniel 8:8: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/DAN.8.8/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:DAN:245` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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