---
title: Daniel 8:23 (JPS 1917) — And in the latter time of their kingdom, when the transgressors have… · tree and pragmatics
description: And in the latter time of their kingdom, when the transgressors have completed their transgression, there shall stand up a king of fierce countenance, and understanding stratagems. Who acts: transgressors, fierce countenance, kingdoms. Daniel 8:23 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmat
---

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# Daniel 8:23 · JPS 1917

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
And in the latter time of their kingdom, when the transgressors have completed their transgression, there shall stand up a king of fierce countenance, and understanding stratagems.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** transgressors, fierce countenance, kingdoms · **What happens:** complete, stand up, understand, transgress · **To what, where:** transgression, king, stratagems

<!-- .vabout -->
This is Daniel 8:23 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (transgressors, fierce countenance, kingdoms), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:DAN:260
# text = And in the latter time of their kingdom, when the transgressors have completed their transgression, there shall stand up a king of fierce countenance, and understanding stratagems.
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	20	cc	_	_
2	in	in	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	latter	latter	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	time	time	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	obl	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	8	nmod:poss	_	_
8	kingdom	kingdom	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	_
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
10	when	when	SCONJ	WRB	_	14	mark	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	transgressors	transgressor	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	14	nsubj	_	_
13	have	have	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	14	aux	_	_
14	completed	complete	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	20	advcl	_	_
15	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	16	nmod:poss	_	_
16	transgression	transgression	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	obj	_	_
17	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
18	there	there	PRON	EX	PronType=Dem	20	expl	_	_
19	shall	shall	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	20	aux	_	_
20	stand	stand	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
21	up	up	ADV	RP	_	20	advmod	_	_
22	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	23	det	_	_
23	king	king	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	obj	_	_
24	of	of	ADP	IN	_	26	case	_	_
25	fierce	fierce	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	26	amod	_	_
26	countenance	countenance	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	23	nmod	_	_
27	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	29	punct	_	_
28	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	29	cc	_	_
29	understanding	understand	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	26	acl	_	_
30	stratagems	stratagem	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	29	obj	_	_
31	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	20	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **complete** | present · perfect | the transgressors | kingdoms's transgression |  |  |  |  | vn complete-55.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent transgression=Eventuality |
| 2 | **stand up** | shall |  | a king of fierce countenance |  | there | time |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **understand** | gerund | fierce countenance *not said here* | stratagems |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Experiencer stratagem=Stimulus |
| 4 | **transgress** |  | kingdoms *= kingdom* |  |  |  |  |  | nom transgression «act intransitive»: poss=agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

<!-- .vhe dir=rtl lang=hbo -->
וּֽבְאַחֲרִית֙ מַלְכוּתָ֔ם כְּהָתֵ֖ם הַפֹּשְׁעִ֑ים יַעֲמֹ֛ד מֶ֥לֶךְ עַז־פָּנִ֖ים וּמֵבִ֥ין חִידֽוֹת׃

[Daniel 8:23: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/DAN.8.23/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:DAN:260` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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