---
title: Daniel 9:12 (JPS 1917) — And He hath confirmed His word, which He spoke against us, and again… · tree and pragmatics
description: And He hath confirmed His word, which He spoke against us, and against our judges that judged us, by bringing upon us a great evil; so that under the whole heaven hath not been done as hath been done upon Jerusalem. Who acts: Israel, judges. Daniel 9:12 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the p
---

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# Daniel 9:12 · JPS 1917

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
And He hath confirmed His word, which He spoke against us, and against our judges that judged us, by bringing upon us a great evil; so that under the whole heaven hath not been done as hath been done upon Jerusalem.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Israel, judges · **What happens:** confirm, speak, judge, bring, not do, do · **To what, where:** word, us, great evil, whole heaven · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
This is Daniel 9:12 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Israel, judges), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:DAN:276
# text = And He hath confirmed His word, which He spoke against us, and against our judges that judged us, by bringing upon us a great evil; so that under the whole heaven hath not been done as hath been done upon Jerusalem.
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	4	cc	_	_
2	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
3	hath	have	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
4	confirmed	confirm	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
5	His	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	6	nmod:poss	_	_
6	word	word	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
8	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	10	obj	_	_
9	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	10	nsubj	_	_
10	spoke	speak	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	acl:relcl	_	_
11	against	against	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	us	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	10	obl	_	_
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
14	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	17	cc	_	_
15	against	against	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
16	our	our	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	17	nmod:poss	_	_
17	judges	judge	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	12	conj	_	_
18	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	19	nsubj	_	_
19	judged	judge	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	17	acl:relcl	_	_
20	us	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	19	obj	_	_
21	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	23	punct	_	_
22	by	by	SCONJ	IN	_	23	mark	_	_
23	bringing	bring	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	10	advcl	_	_
24	upon	upon	ADP	IN	_	25	case	_	_
25	us	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	23	obl	_	_
26	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	28	det	_	_
27	great	great	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	28	amod	_	_
28	evil	evil	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	23	obj	_	_
29	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	39	punct	_	_
30	so	so	ADV	RB	_	39	advmod	_	_
31	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	39	mark	_	_
32	under	under	ADP	IN	_	35	case	_	_
33	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	35	det	_	_
34	whole	whole	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	35	amod	_	_
35	heaven	heaven	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	39	obl	_	_
36	hath	have	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	39	aux	_	_
37	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	39	advmod	_	_
38	been	be	AUX	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	39	aux:pass	_	_
39	done	do	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	parataxis	_	_
40	as	as	SCONJ	IN	_	43	mark	_	_
41	hath	have	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	43	aux	_	_
42	been	be	AUX	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	43	aux:pass	_	_
43	done	do	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	39	advcl	_	_
44	upon	upon	ADP	IN	_	45	case	_	_
45	Jerusalem	Jerusalem	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	43	obl	_	_
46	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: statement
- act: narrate
- voice: narrator
- polarity: neg
- teacher: kept the draft

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **confirm** | present · perfect | Israel | Israel's word |  |  |  |  | vn indicate-78-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot word=Topic |
| 2 | **speak** *speech: other* | past | Israel | Israel's word |  |  |  | against us | tree rules |
| 3 | **judge** | past | our judges | us |  |  |  |  | vn estimate-34.2-1-1 «NP V NP.value»: agent=Agent we=Value |
| 4 | **bring** | gerund | Israel *not said here* | a great evil |  |  |  | upon us | vn bring-11.3-1 «NP V NP together»: agent=Agent evil=Theme |
| 5 | **not** **do** | present · perfect · passive |  |  |  | the whole heaven |  |  | vn act-114-1 «NP V» |
| 6 | **do** | present · perfect · passive |  |  |  |  |  | upon Jerusalem | vn act-114-1 «NP V» |
| 7 | **word** |  | Israel |  |  |  |  |  | nom word «communication transitive»: poss=agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

<!-- .vhe dir=rtl lang=hbo -->
וַיָּ֜קֶם אֶת־דְּבָר֣וֹ ׀ אֲשֶׁר־דִּבֶּ֣ר עָלֵ֗ינוּ וְעַ֤ל שֹֽׁפְטֵ֙ינוּ֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר שְׁפָט֔וּנוּ לְהָבִ֥יא עָלֵ֖ינוּ רָעָ֣ה גְדֹלָ֑ה אֲשֶׁ֣ר לֹֽא־נֶעֶשְׂתָ֗ה תַּ֚חַת כָּל־הַשָּׁמַ֔יִם כַּאֲשֶׁ֥ר נֶעֶשְׂתָ֖ה בִּירוּשָׁלִָֽם׃

[Daniel 9:12: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/DAN.9.12/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:DAN:276` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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