---
title: Daniel 2:15 (JPS 1917) — he answered and said to Arioch the king's captain: 'Wherefore is the… · tree and pragmatics
description: he answered and said to Arioch the king's captain: 'Wherefore is the decree so peremptory from the king?' Then Arioch made the thing known to Daniel. Who acts: man, decree, Arioch, thing. Daniel 2:15 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Daniel 2:15 · JPS 1917

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
he answered and said to Arioch the king's captain: 'Wherefore is the decree so peremptory from the king?' Then Arioch made the thing known to Daniel.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** man, decree, Arioch, thing · **What happens:** answer, say, be, make, know · **To what, where:** Arioch, thing, Daniel · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
This is Daniel 2:15 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (man, decree, Arioch, thing), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:DAN:36
# text = he answered and said to Arioch the king's captain: 'Wherefore is the decree so peremptory from the king?' Then Arioch made the thing known to Daniel.
1	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	answered	answer	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	4	cc	_	_
4	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
5	to	to	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	Arioch	Arioch	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	king	king	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nmod:poss	_	_
9	's	's	PART	POS	_	8	case	_	_
10	captain	captain	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	appos	_	_
11	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	18	punct	_	_
12	'	'	PUNCT	``	_	18	punct	_	_
13	Wherefore	wherefore	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	18	advmod	_	_
14	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	18	cop	_	_
15	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
16	decree	decree	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	nsubj	_	_
17	so	so	ADV	RB	_	18	advmod	_	_
18	peremptory	peremptory	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	ccomp	_	_
19	from	from	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
20	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	21	det	_	_
21	king	king	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	obl	_	_
22	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	18	punct	_	_
23	'	'	PUNCT	''	_	18	punct	_	_
24	Then	then	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	26	advmod	_	_
25	Arioch	Arioch	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	26	nsubj	_	_
26	made	make	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
27	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	28	det	_	_
28	thing	thing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	26	obj	_	_
29	known	know	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	26	xcomp	_	_
30	to	to	ADP	IN	_	31	case	_	_
31	Daniel	Daniel	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	29	obl	_	_
32	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: wh-question
- act: ask
- voice: character
- polarity: none
- teacher: changed voice=character

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **answer** *speech: assert* | past | man |  |  |  |  |  | vn reciprocate-112-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | man *not said here* |  | Arioch |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V PP.recipient S-Quote»: agent=Agent to arioch=Recipient |
| 3 | **is** | present | the decree |  |  |  |  | from the king; peremptory, wherefore *property* | tree rules |
| 4 | **make** | past | Arioch | the thing |  |  | then |  | tree rules |
| 5 | **know** | participle | the thing *not said here* |  | Daniel |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Aramaic of this verse {#hebrew}

<!-- .vhe dir=rtl lang=arc -->
עָנֵ֣ה וְאָמַ֗ר לְאַרְיוֹךְ֙ שַׁלִּיטָ֣א דִֽי־מַלְכָּ֔א עַל־מָ֥ה דָתָ֛א מְהַחְצְפָ֖ה מִן־קֳדָ֣ם מַלְכָּ֑א אֱדַ֣יִן מִלְּתָ֔א הוֹדַ֥ע אַרְי֖וֹךְ לְדָנִיֵּֽאל׃

[Daniel 2:15: the Aramaic tree, its pragmatics →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/DAN.2.15/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:DAN:36` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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