---
title: Daniel 2:31 (JPS 1917) — This image, which was mighty, and whose brightness was surpassing, s… · tree and pragmatics
description: This image, which was mighty, and whose brightness was surpassing, stood before thee; and the appearance thereof was terrible. Who acts: image, brightness, appearance. Daniel 2:31 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Daniel 2:31 · JPS 1917, sentence 2 of 2

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This image, which was mighty, and whose brightness was surpassing, stood before thee; and the appearance thereof was terrible.

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**Who acts:** image, brightness, appearance · **What happens:** be, stand · **To what, where:** thee

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This is Daniel 2:31 · JPS 1917, sentence 2 of 2 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (image, brightness, appearance), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:DAN:55
# text = This image, which was mighty, and whose brightness was surpassing, stood before thee; and the appearance thereof was terrible.
1	This	this	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	2	det	_	_
2	image	image	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	nsubj	_	_
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	_
4	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	6	nsubj	_	_
5	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
6	mighty	mighty	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	acl:relcl	_	_
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
9	whose	whose	PRON	WP$	Poss=Yes|PronType=Rel	10	nmod:poss	_	_
10	brightness	brightness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	nsubj	_	_
11	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	12	cop	_	_
12	surpassing	surpassing	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	acl:relcl	_	_
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
14	stood	stand	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
15	before	before	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
16	thee	thou	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	14	obl	_	_
17	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	23	punct	_	_
18	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	23	cc	_	_
19	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	20	det	_	_
20	appearance	appearance	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	23	nsubj	_	_
21	thereof	thereof	ADV	RB	_	20	advmod	_	_
22	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	23	cop	_	_
23	terrible	terrible	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	14	conj	_	_
24	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	14	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | this image |  |  |  |  | mighty *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **is** | past | brightness |  |  |  |  | surpassing *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **stand** | past | this image |  |  | thee |  |  | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent before thou=Location |
| 4 | **is** | past | the appearance |  |  |  |  | terrible *property* | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Aramaic of this verse {#hebrew}

<!-- .vhe dir=rtl lang=arc -->
אַ֣נְתְּהמַלְכָּ֗א חָזֵ֤ה הֲוַ֙יְתָ֙ וַאֲל֨וּ צְלֵ֥ם חַד֙ שַׂגִּ֔יא צַלְמָ֨א דִּכֵּ֥ן רַ֛ב וְזִיוֵ֥הּ יַתִּ֖יר קָאֵ֣ם לְקָבְלָ֑ךְ וְרֵוֵ֖הּ דְּחִֽיל׃

[Daniel 2:31: the Aramaic tree, its pragmatics →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/DAN.2.31/)

<!-- .note -->
This verse in JPS 1917:

<!-- .ens -->
1. [Thou, O king, sawest, and behold a great image.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/DAN.54/)
2. **This image, which was mighty, and whose brightness was surpassing, stood before thee; and the appearance thereof was terrible.**

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:DAN:55` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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