--- title: Daniel 2:40 (JPS 1917) — And the fourth kingdom shall be strong as iron; forasmuch as iron br… · tree and pragmatics description: And the fourth kingdom shall be strong as iron; forasmuch as iron breaketh in pieces and beateth down all things; and as iron that crusheth all these, shall it break in pieces and crush. Who acts: fourth kingdom, iron. Daniel 2:40 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clau --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/DAN.64/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Ketuvim](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/) / [Daniel](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/DAN/) / [chapter 2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/DAN/2/) / [2:40](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/DAN.2.40/) / JPS 1 # Daniel 2:40 · JPS 1917 And the fourth kingdom shall be strong as iron; forasmuch as iron breaketh in pieces and beateth down all things; and as iron that crusheth all these, shall it break in pieces and crush. **Who acts:** fourth kingdom, iron · **What happens:** be, break, beat down, crush · **To what, where:** pieces, things, these This is Daniel 2:40 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (fourth kingdom, iron), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = jps:DAN:64 # text = And the fourth kingdom shall be strong as iron; forasmuch as iron breaketh in pieces and beateth down all things; and as iron that crusheth all these, shall it break in pieces and crush. 1 And and CCONJ CC _ 7 cc _ _ 2 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 4 det _ _ 3 fourth fourth ADJ JJ Degree=Pos|NumForm=Word|NumType=Ord 4 amod _ _ 4 kingdom kingdom NOUN NN Number=Sing 7 nsubj _ _ 5 shall shall AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 7 aux _ _ 6 be be AUX VB VerbForm=Inf 7 cop _ _ 7 strong strong ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 0 root _ _ 8 as as ADP IN _ 9 case _ _ 9 iron iron NOUN NN Number=Sing 7 obl _ _ 10 ; ; PUNCT : _ 14 punct _ _ 11 forasmuch forasmuch SCONJ IN _ 14 mark _ _ 12 as as ADP IN _ 11 fixed _ _ 13 iron iron NOUN NN Number=Sing 14 nsubj _ _ 14 breaketh break VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 7 advcl _ _ 15 in in ADP IN _ 16 case _ _ 16 pieces piece NOUN NNS Number=Plur 14 obl _ _ 17 and and CCONJ CC _ 18 cc _ _ 18 beateth beat VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 14 conj _ _ 19 down down ADP RP _ 18 compound:prt _ _ 20 all all DET DT PronType=Tot 21 det _ _ 21 things thing NOUN NNS Number=Plur 18 obj _ _ 22 ; ; PUNCT : _ 33 punct _ _ 23 and and CCONJ CC _ 33 cc _ _ 24 as as ADP IN _ 25 case _ _ 25 iron iron NOUN NN Number=Sing 32 nmod _ _ 26 that that PRON WDT PronType=Rel 27 nsubj _ _ 27 crusheth crush VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 25 acl:relcl _ _ 28 all all DET PDT PronType=Tot 29 det:predet _ _ 29 these this PRON DT Number=Plur|PronType=Dem 27 obj _ _ 30 , , PUNCT , _ 27 punct _ _ 31 shall shall AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 33 aux _ _ 32 it it PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 33 nsubj _ _ 33 break break VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 7 conj _ _ 34 in in ADP IN _ 35 case _ _ 35 pieces piece NOUN NNS Number=Plur 33 obl _ _ 36 and and CCONJ CC _ 37 cc _ _ 37 crush crush VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 33 conj _ _ 38 . . PUNCT . _ 7 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - polarity: pos - teacher: changed act=assert | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **is** | shall | the fourth kingdom | | | | | as iron; strong *property* | tree rules | | 2 | **break** | present | iron | | | pieces | | | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in piece=Location | | 3 | **beat down** | present | iron *not said here* | all things | | | | | vn sound\_emission-43.2 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location thing=Theme | | 4 | **crush** | present | iron | these | | | | | vn carve-21.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent this=Patient | | 5 | **break** | shall | iron | | | pieces | | | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in piece=Location | | 6 | **crush** | infinitive | iron *not said here* | | | | | | vn carve-21.2-1 «NP V ADVP-Middle»: agent=Patient | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. ## The Aramaic of this verse {#hebrew} וּמַלְכוּ֙ רְבִ֣יעָאָ֔ה תֶּהֱוֵ֥א תַקִּיפָ֖ה כְּפַרְזְלָ֑א כָּל־קֳבֵ֗ל דִּ֤י פַרְזְלָא֙ מְהַדֵּ֤ק וְחָשֵׁל֙ כֹּ֔לָּא וּֽכְפַרְזְלָ֛א דִּֽי־מְרָעַ֥ע כָּל־אִלֵּ֖ין תַּדִּ֥ק וְתֵרֹֽעַ׃ [Daniel 2:40: the Aramaic tree, its pragmatics →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/DAN.2.40/) **Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:DAN:64` of Mova's parse database. **The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter. - ← previous: [Daniel 2:39 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/DAN.63/) - next →: [Daniel 2:41 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/DAN.65/) - ↑ back to [Daniel 2:40](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/DAN.2.40/)