---
title: Daniel 2:43 (JPS 1917) — And whereas thou sawest the iron mixed with miry clay, they shall mi… · tree and pragmatics
description: And whereas thou sawest the iron mixed with miry clay, they shall mingle themselves by the seed of men; but they shall not cleave one to another, even as iron doth not mingle with clay. Who acts: thou, toes, iron. Daniel 2:43 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Daniel 2:43 · JPS 1917

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
And whereas thou sawest the iron mixed with miry clay, they shall mingle themselves by the seed of men; but they shall not cleave one to another, even as iron doth not mingle with clay.

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**Who acts:** thou, toes, iron · **What happens:** see, mix, mingle, not cleave, not mingle · **To what, where:** iron, toes, one

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This is Daniel 2:43 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (thou, toes, iron), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:DAN:67
# text = And whereas thou sawest the iron mixed with miry clay, they shall mingle themselves by the seed of men; but they shall not cleave one to another, even as iron doth not mingle with clay.
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
2	whereas	whereas	SCONJ	IN	_	4	mark	_	_
3	thou	thou	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	4	nsubj	_	_
4	sawest	see	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Style=Arch|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	14	advcl	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	iron	iron	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
7	mixed	mix	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	6	acl	_	_
8	with	with	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	miry	miry	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	clay	clay	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	_
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	4	punct	_	_
12	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	14	nsubj	_	_
13	shall	shall	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	14	aux	_	_
14	mingle	mingle	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
15	themselves	themselves	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes	14	obj	_	_
16	by	by	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
17	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
18	seed	seed	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	obl	_	_
19	of	of	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
20	men	man	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	18	nmod	_	_
21	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	26	punct	_	_
22	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	26	cc	_	_
23	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	26	nsubj	_	_
24	shall	shall	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	26	aux	_	_
25	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	26	advmod	_	_
26	cleave	cleave	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	14	conj	_	_
27	one	one	PRON	CD	PronType=Ind	26	obj	_	_
28	to	to	ADP	IN	_	29	case	_	_
29	another	another	PRON	DT	PronType=Ind	26	obl	_	_
30	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	36	punct	_	_
31	even	even	ADV	RB	_	36	advmod	_	_
32	as	as	SCONJ	IN	_	36	mark	_	_
33	iron	iron	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	36	nsubj	_	_
34	doth	do	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	36	aux	_	_
35	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	36	advmod	_	_
36	mingle	mingle	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	26	advcl	_	_
37	with	with	ADP	IN	_	38	case	_	_
38	clay	clay	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	36	obl	_	_
39	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	14	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: statement
- act: narrate
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: changed polarity=none

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **see** | past | thou | the iron |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer iron=Stimulus |
| 2 | **mix** | participle |  | the iron *not said here* |  |  |  | with miry clay | vn mix-22.1-1-1 «NP V PP.co-patient»: agent=Patient with clay=Co-Patient |
| 3 | **mingle** | shall | toes *= toe* | toes *= toe* |  |  |  | by the seed of men | vn mix-22.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent themselves=Patient |
| 4 | **not** **cleave** | shall | toes *= toe* | one |  |  |  | to another *result* | vn break-45.1 «NP V NP PP.result»: agent=Agent one=Patient to another=Result |
| 5 | **not** **mingle** | present · do-support | iron |  |  |  |  | with clay | vn mix-22.1-1-1 «NP V PP.co-patient»: agent=Patient with clay=Co-Patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Aramaic of this verse {#hebrew}

<!-- .vhe dir=rtl lang=arc -->
וְדִ֣י חֲזַ֗יְתָ פַּרְזְלָא֙ מְעָרַב֙ בַּחֲסַ֣ף טִינָ֔א מִתְעָרְבִ֤ין לֶהֱוֺן֙ בִּזְרַ֣ע אֲנָשָׁ֔א וְלָֽא־לֶהֱוֺ֥ן דָּבְקִ֖ין דְּנָ֣ה עִם־דְּנָ֑ה הֵֽא־כְדִ֣י פַרְזְלָ֔א לָ֥א מִתְעָרַ֖ב עִם־חַסְפָּֽא׃

[Daniel 2:43: the Aramaic tree, its pragmatics →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/DAN.2.43/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:DAN:67` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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