--- title: Daniel 2:45 (JPS 1917) — Forasmuch as thou sawest that a stone was cut out of the mountain wi… · tree and pragmatics description: Forasmuch as thou sawest that a stone was cut out of the mountain without hands, and that it broke in pieces the iron, the brass, the clay, the silver, and the gold; the great God hath made known to the king what shall come to pass hereafter; and the dream is certain, and the interpretation thereof --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/DAN.69/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Ketuvim](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/) / [Daniel](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/DAN/) / [chapter 2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/DAN/2/) / [2:45](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/DAN.2.45/) / JPS 1 # Daniel 2:45 · JPS 1917 Forasmuch as thou sawest that a stone was cut out of the mountain without hands, and that it broke in pieces the iron, the brass, the clay, the silver, and the gold; the great God hath made known to the king what shall come to pass hereafter; and the dream is certain, and the interpretation thereof sure.' **Who acts:** thou, stone, great God, dream, interpretation · **What happens:** see, cut out, break, make, know, come · **To what, where:** stone, mountain, iron, pieces · **Speech:** someone speaks here This is Daniel 2:45 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (thou, stone, great God, dream), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = jps:DAN:69 # text = Forasmuch as thou sawest that a stone was cut out of the mountain without hands, and that it broke in pieces the iron, the brass, the clay, the silver, and the gold; the great God hath made known to the king what shall come to pass hereafter; and the dream is certain, and the interpretation thereof sure.' 1 Forasmuch forasmuch SCONJ IN _ 4 mark _ _ 2 as as SCONJ IN _ 1 fixed _ _ 3 thou thou PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch 4 nsubj _ _ 4 sawest see VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Style=Arch|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 43 advcl _ _ 5 that that SCONJ IN _ 9 mark _ _ 6 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 7 det _ _ 7 stone stone NOUN NN Number=Sing 9 nsubj:pass _ _ 8 was be AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 9 aux:pass _ _ 9 cut cut VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 4 ccomp _ _ 10 out out ADP IN _ 13 case _ _ 11 of of ADP IN _ 10 fixed _ _ 12 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 13 det _ _ 13 mountain mountain NOUN NN Number=Sing 9 obl _ _ 14 without without ADP IN _ 15 case _ _ 15 hands hand NOUN NNS Number=Plur 9 obl _ _ 16 , , PUNCT , _ 20 punct _ _ 17 and and CCONJ CC _ 20 cc _ _ 18 that that SCONJ IN _ 20 mark _ _ 19 it it PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 20 nsubj _ _ 20 broke break VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 9 conj _ _ 21 in in ADP IN _ 22 case _ _ 22 pieces piece NOUN NNS Number=Plur 20 obl _ _ 23 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 24 det _ _ 24 iron iron NOUN NN Number=Sing 20 obj _ _ 25 , , PUNCT , _ 27 punct _ _ 26 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 27 det _ _ 27 brass brass NOUN NN Number=Sing 24 conj _ _ 28 , , PUNCT , _ 30 punct _ _ 29 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 30 det _ _ 30 clay clay NOUN NN Number=Sing 24 conj _ _ 31 , , PUNCT , _ 33 punct _ _ 32 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 33 det _ _ 33 silver silver NOUN NN Number=Sing 24 conj _ _ 34 , , PUNCT , _ 37 punct _ _ 35 and and CCONJ CC _ 37 cc _ _ 36 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 37 det _ _ 37 gold gold NOUN NN Number=Sing 24 conj _ _ 38 ; ; PUNCT : _ 43 punct _ _ 39 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 41 det _ _ 40 great great ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 41 amod _ _ 41 God God PROPN NNP Number=Sing 43 nsubj _ _ 42 hath have AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 43 aux _ _ 43 made make VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part 0 root _ _ 44 known know VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 43 xcomp _ _ 45 to to ADP IN _ 47 case _ _ 46 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 47 det _ _ 47 king king NOUN NN Number=Sing 44 obl _ _ 48 what what PRON WP PronType=Int 50 nsubj _ _ 49 shall shall AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 50 aux _ _ 50 come come VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 44 ccomp _ _ 51 to to PART TO _ 52 mark _ _ 52 pass pass VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 50 xcomp _ _ 53 hereafter hereafter ADV RB _ 52 advmod _ _ 54 ; ; PUNCT : _ 59 punct _ _ 55 and and CCONJ CC _ 59 cc _ _ 56 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 57 det _ _ 57 dream dream NOUN NN Number=Sing 59 nsubj _ _ 58 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 59 cop _ _ 59 certain certain ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 43 conj _ _ 60 , , PUNCT , _ 65 punct _ _ 61 and and CCONJ CC _ 65 cc _ _ 62 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 63 det _ _ 63 interpretation interpretation NOUN NN Number=Sing 65 nsubj _ _ 64 thereof thereof ADV RB _ 63 advmod _ _ 65 sure sure ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 59 conj _ _ 66 . . PUNCT . _ 43 punct _ _ 67 ' ' PUNCT '' _ 43 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: character - polarity: none - teacher: changed act=assert, polarity=none, voice=character | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **see** | past | thou | | | | | | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus | | 2 | **cut out** | past · passive | | a stone | | the mountain | | without hands | tree rules | | 3 | **break** | past | stone | the iron and the brass and the clay and the silver and the gold | | pieces | | | vn hurt-40.8.3-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer iron=Patient | | 4 | **make** | present · perfect | the great God | | | | | | tree rules | | 5 | **know** | participle | the great God *not said here* | | | | | to the king | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V how S\_INF»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus | | 6 | **come** | shall | | | | | | | tree rules | | 7 | **pass** | to-infinitive | | | | | | hereafter *property* | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 8 | **is** | present | the dream | | | | | certain *property* | tree rules | | 9 | **be** | | the interpretation | | | | | | tree rules | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. ## The Aramaic of this verse {#hebrew} כָּל־קֳבֵ֣ל דִּֽי־חֲזַ֡יְתָ דִּ֣י מִטּוּרָא֩ אִתְגְּזֶ֨רֶת אֶ֜בֶן דִּי־לָ֣א בִידַ֗יִן וְ֠הַדֶּקֶת פַּרְזְלָ֨א נְחָשָׁ֤א חַסְפָּא֙ כַּסְפָּ֣א וְדַהֲבָ֔א אֱלָ֥הּ רַב֙ הוֹדַ֣ע לְמַלְכָּ֔א מָ֛ה דִּ֥י לֶהֱוֵ֖א אַחֲרֵ֣י דְנָ֑ה וְיַצִּ֥יב חֶלְמָ֖א וּמְהֵימַ֥ן פִּשְׁרֵֽהּ׃פ [Daniel 2:45: the Aramaic tree, its pragmatics →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/DAN.2.45/) **Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:DAN:69` of Mova's parse database. **The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter. - ← previous: [Daniel 2:44 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/DAN.68/) - next →: [Daniel 2:46 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/DAN.70/) - ↑ back to [Daniel 2:45](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/DAN.2.45/)