---
title: Daniel 3:9 (JPS 1917) — They spoke and said to Nebuchadnezzar the king: 'O king, live for ev… · tree and pragmatics
description: They spoke and said to Nebuchadnezzar the king: 'O king, live for ever! Who acts: Chaldeans. Daniel 3:9 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Daniel 3:9 · JPS 1917

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They spoke and said to Nebuchadnezzar the king: 'O king, live for ever!

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**Who acts:** Chaldeans · **What happens:** speak, say, live · **To what, where:** Nebuchadnezzar · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is Daniel 3:9 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Chaldeans), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:DAN:82
# text = They spoke and said to Nebuchadnezzar the king: 'O king, live for ever!
1	They	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	spoke	speak	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	4	cc	_	_
4	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
5	to	to	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	Nebuchadnezzar	Nebuchadnezzar	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	king	king	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	appos	_	_
9	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	14	punct	_	_
10	'	'	PUNCT	``	_	14	punct	_	_
11	O	o	INTJ	UH	_	12	discourse	_	_
12	king	king	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	vocative	_	_
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
14	live	live	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	ccomp	_	_
15	for	for	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
16	ever	ever	ADV	RB	PronType=Ind	14	obl	_	_
17	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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- form: statement
- act: express
- voice: character
- polarity: none
- teacher: changed form=decl

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **speak** *speech: other* | past | Chaldeans *= chaldean* |  |  |  |  |  | vn talk-37.5 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | Chaldeans *= chaldean* *not said here* |  | Nebuchadnezzar |  |  |  | vn indicate-78-1 «NP V PP.recipient that S»: agent=Pivot to nebuchadnezzar=Experiencer clause=Topic |
| 3 | **live** | infinitive |  |  |  |  |  | king *vocative* | vn exist-47.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Aramaic of this verse {#hebrew}

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עֲנוֹ֙ וְאָ֣מְרִ֔ין לִנְבוּכַדְנֶצַּ֖ר מַלְכָּ֑א מַלְכָּ֖א לְעָלְמִ֥ין חֱיִֽי׃

[Daniel 3:9: the Aramaic tree, its pragmatics →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/DAN.3.9/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:DAN:82` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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