--- title: Daniel 1:10 (JPS 1917) — And the chief of the officers said unto Daniel: 'I fear my lord the… · tree and pragmatics description: And the chief of the officers said unto Daniel: 'I fear my lord the king, who hath appointed your food and your drink; for why should he see your faces sad in comparison with the youths that are of your own age? so would ye endanger my head with the king.' Who acts: chief, I, king, youths. 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The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (chief, I, king, youths), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = jps:DAN:9 # text = And the chief of the officers said unto Daniel: 'I fear my lord the king, who hath appointed your food and your drink; for why should he see your faces sad in comparison with the youths that are of your own age? so would ye endanger my head with the king.' 1 And and CCONJ CC _ 7 cc _ _ 2 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 3 det _ _ 3 chief chief NOUN NN Number=Sing 7 nsubj _ _ 4 of of ADP IN _ 6 case _ _ 5 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 6 det _ _ 6 officers officer NOUN NNS Number=Plur 3 nmod _ _ 7 said say VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 8 unto unto ADP IN _ 9 case _ _ 9 Daniel Daniel PROPN NNP Number=Sing 7 obl _ _ 10 : : PUNCT : _ 13 punct _ _ 11 ' ' PUNCT `` _ 13 punct _ _ 12 I I PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 13 nsubj _ _ 13 fear fear VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 7 ccomp _ _ 14 my my PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 15 nmod:poss _ _ 15 lord lord NOUN NN Number=Sing 13 obj _ _ 16 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 17 det _ _ 17 king king NOUN NN Number=Sing 15 appos _ _ 18 , , PUNCT , _ 21 punct _ _ 19 who who PRON WP PronType=Rel 21 nsubj _ _ 20 hath have AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 21 aux _ _ 21 appointed appoint VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part 17 acl:relcl _ _ 22 your your PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 23 nmod:poss _ _ 23 food food NOUN NN Number=Sing 21 obj _ _ 24 and and CCONJ CC _ 26 cc _ _ 25 your your PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 26 nmod:poss _ _ 26 drink drink NOUN NN Number=Sing 23 conj _ _ 27 ; ; PUNCT : _ 32 punct _ _ 28 for for SCONJ IN _ 32 mark _ _ 29 why why ADV WRB PronType=Int 32 advmod _ _ 30 should should AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 32 aux _ _ 31 he he PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 32 nsubj _ _ 32 see see VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 7 parataxis _ _ 33 your your PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 34 nmod:poss _ _ 34 faces face NOUN NNS Number=Plur 32 obj _ _ 35 sad sad ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 32 xcomp _ _ 36 in in ADP IN _ 37 case _ _ 37 comparison comparison NOUN NN Number=Sing 32 obl _ _ 38 with with ADP IN _ 40 case _ _ 39 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 40 det _ _ 40 youths youth NOUN NNS Number=Plur 37 nmod _ _ 41 that that PRON WDT PronType=Rel 46 nsubj _ _ 42 are be AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 46 cop _ _ 43 of of ADP IN _ 46 case _ _ 44 your your PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 46 nmod:poss _ _ 45 own own ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 46 amod _ _ 46 age age NOUN NN Number=Sing 40 acl:relcl _ _ 47 ? ? PUNCT . _ 7 punct _ _ 48 so so ADV RB _ 51 advmod _ _ 49 would would AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 51 aux _ _ 50 ye ye PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch 51 nsubj _ _ 51 endanger endanger VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 7 parataxis _ _ 52 my my PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 53 nmod:poss _ _ 53 head head NOUN NN Number=Sing 51 obj _ _ 54 with with ADP IN _ 56 case _ _ 55 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 56 det _ _ 56 king king NOUN NN Number=Sing 51 obl _ _ 57 . . PUNCT . _ 7 punct _ _ 58 ' ' PUNCT '' _ 7 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: evaluate - voice: character - polarity: neg - indirect: yes - teacher: kept the draft | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | the chief of the officers | | | | | unto Daniel | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | | 2 | **fear** | present | I | my lord | | | | | vn admire-31.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer lord=Stimulus | | 3 | **appoint** | present · perfect | the king | your food and your drink | | | | | vn appoint-29.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent food=Theme | | 4 | **see** | should | chief | your faces | | comparison with the youths | | sad *property* | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer face=Stimulus | | 5 | **is** | present | the youths | | | | of your own age | | tree rules | | 6 | **endanger** | would | ye | my head | | | | with the king | tree rules | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. ## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew} וַיֹּ֜אמֶר שַׂ֤ר הַסָּרִיסִים֙ לְדָ֣נִיֵּ֔אל יָרֵ֤א אֲנִי֙ אֶת־אֲדֹנִ֣י הַמֶּ֔לֶךְ אֲשֶׁ֣ר מִנָּ֔ה אֶת־מַאֲכַלְכֶ֖ם וְאֶת־מִשְׁתֵּיכֶ֑ם אֲשֶׁ֡ר לָמָּה֩ יִרְאֶ֨ה אֶת־פְּנֵיכֶ֜ם זֹֽעֲפִ֗ים מִן־הַיְלָדִים֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר כְּגִֽילְכֶ֔ם וְחִיַּבְתֶּ֥ם אֶת־רֹאשִׁ֖י לַמֶּֽלֶךְ׃ [Daniel 1:10: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/DAN.1.10/) **Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:DAN:9` of Mova's parse database. **The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter. - ← previous: [Daniel 1:9 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/DAN.8/) - next →: [Daniel 1:11 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/DAN.10/) - ↑ back to [Daniel 1:10](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/DAN.1.10/)