---
title: Daniel 3:16 (JPS 1917) — Shadrach, Meshach, and Abed-nego, answered and said to the king: 'O… · tree and pragmatics
description: Shadrach, Meshach, and Abed-nego, answered and said to the king: 'O Nebuchadnezzar, we have no need to answer thee in this matter. Who acts: Shadrach, we. Daniel 3:16 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Daniel 3:16 · JPS 1917

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Shadrach, Meshach, and Abed-nego, answered and said to the king: 'O Nebuchadnezzar, we have no need to answer thee in this matter.

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**Who acts:** Shadrach, we · **What happens:** answer, say, have · **To what, where:** need, thee, matter · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
This is Daniel 3:16 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Shadrach, we), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:DAN:90
# text = Shadrach, Meshach, and Abed-nego, answered and said to the king: 'O Nebuchadnezzar, we have no need to answer thee in this matter.
1	Shadrach	Shadrach	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	10	nsubj	_	_
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
3	Meshach	Meshach	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	1	conj	_	_
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
5	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
6	Abed	Abed	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	flat	_	_
7	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	8	punct	_	_
8	nego	Nego	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	1	conj	_	_
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
10	answered	answer	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
11	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
12	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	10	conj	_	_
13	to	to	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
14	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	king	king	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obl	_	_
16	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	12	punct	_	_
17	'	'	PUNCT	``	_	22	punct	_	_
18	O	o	INTJ	UH	_	19	discourse	_	_
19	Nebuchadnezzar	Nebuchadnezzar	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	22	vocative	_	_
20	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	22	punct	_	_
21	we	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	22	nsubj	_	_
22	have	have	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	12	ccomp	_	_
23	no	no	DET	DT	PronType=Neg	24	det	_	_
24	need	need	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	22	obj	_	_
25	to	to	PART	TO	_	26	mark	_	_
26	answer	answer	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	24	acl	_	_
27	thee	thou	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	26	obj	_	_
28	in	in	ADP	IN	_	30	case	_	_
29	this	this	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	30	det	_	_
30	matter	matter	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	26	obl	_	_
31	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	10	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: character
- polarity: neg
- teacher: kept the draft

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **answer** *speech: assert* | past | Shadrach and Meshach and Abed nego |  |  |  |  |  | vn reciprocate-112-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | Shadrach and Meshach and Abed nego *not said here* |  |  |  |  | to the king | vn indicate-78-1 «NP V PP.recipient that S»: agent=Pivot to king=Experiencer clause=Topic |
| 3 | **have** | present | we | no need |  |  |  | Nebuchadnezzar *vocative* | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent need=Patient |
| 4 | **answer** *speech: assert* | to-infinitive | we *not said here* | thee |  | this matter |  |  | vn reciprocate-112-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Agent thou=Eventuality |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Aramaic of this verse {#hebrew}

<!-- .vhe dir=rtl lang=arc -->
עֲנ֗וֹ שַׁדְרַ֤ךְ מֵישַׁךְ֙ וַעֲבֵ֣ד נְג֔וֹ עֲבֵ֣ד נְג֔וֹ וְאָמְרִ֖ין לְמַלְכָּ֑א נְבֽוּכַדְנֶצַּ֔ר לָֽא־חַשְׁחִ֨ין אֲנַ֧חְנָה עַל־דְּנָ֛ה פִּתְגָ֖ם לַהֲתָבוּתָֽךְ׃

[Daniel 3:16: the Aramaic tree, its pragmatics →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/DAN.3.16/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:DAN:90` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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