---
title: Daniel 3:18 (JPS 1917) — But if not, be it known unto thee, O king, that we will not serve th… · tree and pragmatics
description: But if not, be it known unto thee, O king, that we will not serve thy gods, nor worship the golden image which thou hast set up.' Who acts: we, thou. Daniel 3:18 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Daniel 3:18 · JPS 1917

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
But if not, be it known unto thee, O king, that we will not serve thy gods, nor worship the golden image which thou hast set up.'

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** we, thou · **What happens:** know, not serve, worship, set up · **To what, where:** furnace, gods, golden image · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
This is Daniel 3:18 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (we, thou), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:DAN:92
# text = But if not, be it known unto thee, O king, that we will not serve thy gods, nor worship the golden image which thou hast set up.'
1	But	but	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
2	if	if	SCONJ	IN	_	3	mark	_	_
3	not	not	ADV	RB	Polarity=Neg	7	advcl	_	_
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
5	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	7	aux:pass	_	_
6	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	7	nsubj:pass	_	_
7	known	know	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
8	unto	unto	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	thee	thou	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	7	obl	_	_
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
11	O	o	INTJ	UH	_	12	discourse	_	_
12	king	king	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	vocative	_	_
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
14	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	18	mark	_	_
15	we	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	18	nsubj	_	_
16	will	will	AUX	MD	Mood=Ind|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	18	aux	_	_
17	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	18	advmod	_	_
18	serve	serve	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	7	ccomp	_	_
19	thy	thy	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	20	nmod:poss	_	_
20	gods	god	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	18	obj	_	_
21	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	23	punct	_	_
22	nor	nor	CCONJ	CC	Polarity=Neg	23	cc	_	_
23	worship	worship	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	18	conj	_	_
24	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	26	det	_	_
25	golden	golden	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	26	amod	_	_
26	image	image	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	23	obj	_	_
27	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	30	obj	_	_
28	thou	thou	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	30	nsubj	_	_
29	hast	have	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	30	aux	_	_
30	set	set	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	26	acl:relcl	_	_
31	up	up	ADP	RP	_	30	compound:prt	_	_
32	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
33	'	'	PUNCT	''	_	18	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: character
- polarity: neg
- teacher: changed act=assert, voice=character

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **know** | infinitive · passive |  | furnace |  |  |  | unto thee; king *vocative* | tree rules |
| 2 | **not** **serve** | future | we | thy gods |  |  |  |  | vn masquerade-29.6-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent god=Attribute |
| 3 | **worship** | infinitive | we *not said here* | the golden image |  |  |  |  | vn admire-31.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer image=Stimulus |
| 4 | **set up** | present · perfect | thou | the golden image |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4-1 «NP V NP ADJ»: agent=Patient which=Result |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Aramaic of this verse {#hebrew}

<!-- .vhe dir=rtl lang=arc -->
וְהֵ֣ן לָ֔א יְדִ֥יעַ לֶהֱוֵא־לָ֖ךְ מַלְכָּ֑א דִּ֤י לֵֽאלָהָךְ֙לָא־אִיתַ֣נָא פָֽלְחִ֔ין וּלְצֶ֧לֶם דַּהֲבָ֛א דִּ֥י הֲקֵ֖ימְתָּ לָ֥א נִסְגֻּֽד׃ס

[Daniel 3:18: the Aramaic tree, its pragmatics →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/DAN.3.18/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:DAN:92` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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