---
title: Daniel 3:19 (JPS 1917) — Then was Nebuchadnezzar filled with fury, and the form of his visage… · tree and pragmatics
description: Then was Nebuchadnezzar filled with fury, and the form of his visage was changed, against Shadrach, Meshach, and Abed-nego; he spoke, and commanded that they should heat the furnace seven times more than it was wont to be heated. Who acts: Nebuchadnezzar, gods, it. Daniel 3:19 in JPS 1917 with its d
---

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# Daniel 3:19 · JPS 1917

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Then was Nebuchadnezzar filled with fury, and the form of his visage was changed, against Shadrach, Meshach, and Abed-nego; he spoke, and commanded that they should heat the furnace seven times more than it was wont to be heated.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Nebuchadnezzar, gods, it · **What happens:** fill, change, speak, command, heat, be · **To what, where:** Nebuchadnezzar, form, furnace, visage · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
This is Daniel 3:19 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Nebuchadnezzar, gods, it), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:DAN:93
# text = Then was Nebuchadnezzar filled with fury, and the form of his visage was changed, against Shadrach, Meshach, and Abed-nego; he spoke, and commanded that they should heat the furnace seven times more than it was wont to be heated.
1	Then	then	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	4	advmod	_	_
2	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
3	Nebuchadnezzar	Nebuchadnezzar	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
4	filled	fill	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	with	with	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	fury	fury	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	15	cc	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	form	form	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	nsubj:pass	_	_
11	of	of	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	13	nmod:poss	_	_
13	visage	visage	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nmod	_	_
14	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	15	aux:pass	_	_
15	changed	change	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	conj	_	_
16	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
17	against	against	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
18	Shadrach	Shadrach	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	15	obl	_	_
19	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	20	punct	_	_
20	Meshach	Meshach	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	18	conj	_	_
21	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	25	punct	_	_
22	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	25	cc	_	_
23	Abed	abed	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	25	compound	_	_
24	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	23	punct	_	_
25	nego	Abed-nego	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	18	conj	_	_
26	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	28	punct	_	_
27	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	28	nsubj	_	_
28	spoke	speak	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	parataxis	_	_
29	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	31	punct	_	_
30	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	31	cc	_	_
31	commanded	command	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	28	conj	_	_
32	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	35	mark	_	_
33	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	35	nsubj	_	_
34	should	should	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	35	aux	_	_
35	heat	heat	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	31	ccomp	_	_
36	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	37	det	_	_
37	furnace	furnace	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	35	obj	_	_
38	seven	seven	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	39	nummod	_	_
39	times	time	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	40	obl:unmarked	_	_
40	more	more	ADV	RBR	Degree=Cmp	35	advmod	_	_
41	than	than	SCONJ	IN	_	44	mark	_	_
42	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	44	nsubj	_	_
43	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	44	cop	_	_
44	wont	wont	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	35	advcl	_	_
45	to	to	PART	TO	_	47	mark	_	_
46	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	47	aux:pass	_	_
47	heated	heat	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	44	xcomp	_	_
48	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: statement
- act: narrate
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **fill** | past · passive |  | Nebuchadnezzar |  |  | then | with fury | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP V NP PP.instrument»: subject=Patient with fury=Instrument |
| 2 | **change** | past · passive |  | the form of Nebuchadnezzar's visage |  |  |  | against Shadrach and Meshach and Abed nego | vn dress-41.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient |
| 3 | **speak** *speech: other* | past | Nebuchadnezzar |  |  |  |  |  | vn talk-37.5 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **command** | past | Nebuchadnezzar *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn order-58.3-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 5 | **heat** | should | gods *= god* | the furnace |  |  |  |  | vn cooking-45.3 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent furnace=Patient |
| 6 | **is** | past | it |  |  |  |  | wont *property* | tree rules |
| 7 | **heat** | to-infinitive · passive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn cooking-45.3 «NP.patient V» |
| 8 | **form** |  |  | Nebuchadnezzar's visage |  |  |  |  | nom form «communication transitive»: of=patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Aramaic of this verse {#hebrew}

<!-- .vhe dir=rtl lang=arc -->
בֵּאדַ֨יִן נְבוּכַדְנֶצַּ֜ר הִתְמְלִ֣י חֱמָ֗א וּצְלֵ֤ם אַנְפּ֙וֹהִי֙ אֶשְׁתַּנִּ֔י עַל־שַׁדְרַ֥ךְ מֵישַׁ֖ךְ וַעֲבֵ֣ד נְג֑וֹ עֲבֵ֣ד נְג֑וֹ עָנֵ֤ה וְאָמַר֙ לְמֵזֵ֣א לְאַתּוּנָ֔א חַ֨ד־שִׁבְעָ֔ה עַ֛ל דִּ֥י חֲזֵ֖ה לְמֵזְיֵֽהּ׃

[Daniel 3:19: the Aramaic tree, its pragmatics →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/DAN.3.19/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:DAN:93` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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