--- title: Daniel 3:24 (JPS 1917) — Then Nebuchadnezzar the king was alarmed, and rose up in haste; he s… · tree and pragmatics description: Then Nebuchadnezzar the king was alarmed, and rose up in haste; he spoke and said unto his ministers: 'Did not we cast three men bound into the midst of the fire?' They answered and said unto the king: 'True, O king.' Who acts: Nebuchadnezzar, we, ministers. 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They answered and said unto the king: 'True, O king.' **Who acts:** Nebuchadnezzar, we, ministers · **What happens:** alarm, rise up, speak, say, not cast, bind · **To what, where:** Nebuchadnezzar, haste, three men · **Speech:** someone speaks here This is Daniel 3:24 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Nebuchadnezzar, we, ministers), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = jps:DAN:98 # text = Then Nebuchadnezzar the king was alarmed, and rose up in haste; he spoke and said unto his ministers: 'Did not we cast three men bound into the midst of the fire?' They answered and said unto the king: 'True, O king.' 1 Then then ADV RB PronType=Dem 6 advmod _ _ 2 Nebuchadnezzar Nebuchadnezzar PROPN NNP Number=Sing 6 nsubj:pass _ _ 3 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 4 det _ _ 4 king king NOUN NN Number=Sing 2 appos _ _ 5 was be AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 6 aux:pass _ _ 6 alarmed alarm VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 0 root _ _ 7 , , PUNCT , _ 9 punct _ _ 8 and and CCONJ CC _ 9 cc _ _ 9 rose rise VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 6 conj _ _ 10 up up ADP RP _ 9 compound:prt _ _ 11 in in ADP IN _ 12 case _ _ 12 haste haste NOUN NN Number=Sing 9 obl _ _ 13 ; ; PUNCT : _ 15 punct _ _ 14 he he PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 15 nsubj _ _ 15 spoke speak VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 6 conj _ _ 16 and and CCONJ CC _ 17 cc _ _ 17 said say VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 15 conj _ _ 18 unto unto ADP IN _ 20 case _ _ 19 his his PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 20 nmod:poss _ _ 20 ministers minister NOUN NNS Number=Plur 17 obl _ _ 21 : : PUNCT : _ 26 punct _ _ 22 ' ' PUNCT `` _ 26 punct _ _ 23 Did do AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 26 aux _ _ 24 not not PART RB Polarity=Neg 26 advmod _ _ 25 we we PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs 26 nsubj _ _ 26 cast cast VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 17 ccomp _ _ 27 three three NUM CD NumForm=Word|NumType=Card 28 nummod _ _ 28 men man NOUN NNS Number=Plur 26 obj _ _ 29 bound bind VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 26 xcomp _ _ 30 into into ADP IN _ 32 case _ _ 31 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 32 det _ _ 32 midst midst NOUN NN Number=Sing 29 obl _ _ 33 of of ADP IN _ 35 case _ _ 34 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 35 det _ _ 35 fire fire NOUN NN Number=Sing 32 nmod _ _ 36 ? ? PUNCT . _ 26 punct _ _ 37 ' ' PUNCT '' _ 26 punct _ _ 38 They they PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 39 nsubj _ _ 39 answered answer VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 6 conj _ _ 40 and and CCONJ CC _ 41 cc _ _ 41 said say VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 39 conj _ _ 42 unto unto ADP IN _ 44 case _ _ 43 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 44 det _ _ 44 king king NOUN NN Number=Sing 41 obl _ _ 45 : : PUNCT : _ 47 punct _ _ 46 ' ' PUNCT `` _ 47 punct _ _ 47 True true ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 41 ccomp _ _ 48 , , PUNCT , _ 50 punct _ _ 49 O o INTJ UH _ 50 discourse _ _ 50 king king NOUN NN Number=Sing 47 vocative _ _ 51 . . PUNCT . _ 47 punct _ _ 52 ' ' PUNCT '' _ 47 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: yes/no question - act: ask - voice: character - polarity: none - teacher: changed act=ask | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **alarm** | past · passive | | Nebuchadnezzar | | | then | | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Experiencer | | 2 | **rise up** | past | | | | haste | | | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent in haste=Location | | 3 | **speak** *speech: other* | past | Nebuchadnezzar | | | | | | vn talk-37.5 «NP V»: agent=Agent | | 4 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | Nebuchadnezzar *not said here* | | | | | unto Nebuchadnezzar's ministers | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | | 5 | **not** **cast** | past · do-support | we | three men | | | | | vn characterize-29.2 «NP V NP to be ADJ»: agent=Agent man=Theme clause=Attribute | | 6 | **bind** | participle | we *not said here* | | | | | into the midst of the fire | vn shake-22.3-2-1 «NP V NP PP»: agent=Agent into midst=Co-Patient | | 7 | **answer** *speech: assert* | past | ministers *= minister* | | | | | | vn reciprocate-112-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | | 8 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | ministers *= minister* *not said here* | | | | | unto the king | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. ## The Aramaic of this verse {#hebrew} אֱדַ֙יִן֙ נְבוּכַדְנֶצַּ֣ר מַלְכָּ֔א תְּוַ֖הּ וְקָ֣ם בְּהִתְבְּהָלָ֑ה עָנֵ֨ה וְאָמַ֜ר לְהַדָּֽבְר֗וֹהִי הֲלָא֩ גֻבְרִ֨ין תְּלָתָ֜א רְמֵ֤ינָא לְגוֹא־נוּרָא֙ מְכַפְּתִ֔ין עָנַ֤יִן וְאָמְרִין֙ לְמַלְכָּ֔א יַצִּיבָ֖א מַלְכָּֽא׃ [Daniel 3:24: the Aramaic tree, its pragmatics →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/DAN.3.24/) **Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:DAN:98` of Mova's parse database. **The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter. - ← previous: [Daniel 3:23 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/DAN.97/) - next →: [Daniel 3:25 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/DAN.99/) - ↑ back to [Daniel 3:24](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/DAN.3.24/)