---
title: Ecclesiastes 6:1 (JPS 1917) — There is an evil which I have seen under the sun, and it is heavy up… · tree and pragmatics
description: There is an evil which I have seen under the sun, and it is heavy upon men: Who acts: evil, I. Ecclesiastes 6:1 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Ecclesiastes 6:1 · JPS 1917

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There is an evil which I have seen under the sun, and it is heavy upon men:

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**Who acts:** evil, I · **What happens:** be, see · **To what, where:** evil, sun

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This is Ecclesiastes 6:1 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (evil, I), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:ECC:111
# text = There is an evil which I have seen under the sun, and it is heavy upon men:
1	There	there	PRON	EX	PronType=Dem	2	expl	_	_
2	is	be	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	evil	evil	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
5	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	8	obj	_	_
6	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	8	nsubj	_	_
7	have	have	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	aux	_	_
8	seen	see	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	4	acl:relcl	_	_
9	under	under	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	sun	sun	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	_
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
13	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	16	cc	_	_
14	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	16	nsubj	_	_
15	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	16	cop	_	_
16	heavy	heavy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	conj	_	_
17	upon	upon	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
18	men	man	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	16	obl	_	_
19	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	2	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: changed voice=narrator

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **be** | present | a evil |  |  | there |  |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **see** | present · perfect | I | a evil |  | the sun |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer which=Stimulus |
| 3 | **is** | present | evil |  |  |  |  | upon men; heavy *property* | tree rules |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

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יֵ֣שׁ רָעָ֔ה אֲשֶׁ֥ר רָאִ֖יתִי תַּ֣חַת הַשָּׁ֑מֶשׁ וְרַבָּ֥ה הִ֖יא עַל־הָאָדָֽם׃

[Ecclesiastes 6:1: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and the Targum →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/ECC.6.1/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:ECC:111` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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- ← previous: [Ecclesiastes 5:19 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/ECC.110/)
- next →: [Ecclesiastes 6:2 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/ECC.112/)
- ↑ back to [Ecclesiastes 6:1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/ECC.6.1/)