--- title: Ecclesiastes 12:3 (JPS 1917) — In the day when the keepers of the house shall tremble, and the stro… · tree and pragmatics description: In the day when the keepers of the house shall tremble, and the strong men shall bow themselves, and the grinders cease because they are few, and those that look out shall be darkened in the windows, Who acts: keepers, strong men, grinders. Ecclesiastes 12:3 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/ECC.221/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Ketuvim](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/) / [Ecclesiastes](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/ECC/) / [chapter 12](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/ECC/12/) / [12:3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/ECC.12.3/) / JPS 1 # Ecclesiastes 12:3 · JPS 1917 In the day when the keepers of the house shall tremble, and the strong men shall bow themselves, and the grinders cease because they are few, and those that look out shall be darkened in the windows, **Who acts:** keepers, strong men, grinders · **What happens:** tremble, bow, cease, be, look out, darken · **To what, where:** men, those, windows This is Ecclesiastes 12:3 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (keepers, strong men, grinders), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = jps:ECC:221 # text = In the day when the keepers of the house shall tremble, and the strong men shall bow themselves, and the grinders cease because they are few, and those that look out shall be darkened in the windows, 1 In in ADP IN _ 3 case _ _ 2 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 3 det _ _ 3 day day NOUN NN Number=Sing 0 root _ _ 4 when when ADV WRB PronType=Int 11 advmod _ _ 5 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 6 det _ _ 6 keepers keeper NOUN NNS Number=Plur 11 nsubj _ _ 7 of of ADP IN _ 9 case _ _ 8 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 9 det _ _ 9 house house NOUN NN Number=Sing 6 nmod _ _ 10 shall shall AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 11 aux _ _ 11 tremble tremble VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 3 acl:relcl _ _ 12 , , PUNCT , _ 18 punct _ _ 13 and and CCONJ CC _ 18 cc _ _ 14 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 16 det _ _ 15 strong strong ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 16 amod _ _ 16 men man NOUN NNS Number=Plur 18 nsubj _ _ 17 shall shall AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 18 aux _ _ 18 bow bow VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 11 conj _ _ 19 themselves themselves PRON PRP Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes 18 obj _ _ 20 , , PUNCT , _ 24 punct _ _ 21 and and CCONJ CC _ 24 cc _ _ 22 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 23 det _ _ 23 grinders grinder NOUN NNS Number=Plur 24 nsubj _ _ 24 cease cease VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 18 conj _ _ 25 because because SCONJ IN _ 28 mark _ _ 26 they they PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 28 nsubj _ _ 27 are be AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 28 cop _ _ 28 few few ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 24 advcl _ _ 29 , , PUNCT , _ 37 punct _ _ 30 and and CCONJ CC _ 37 cc _ _ 31 those that PRON DT Number=Plur|PronType=Dem 37 nsubj:pass _ _ 32 that that PRON WDT PronType=Rel 33 nsubj _ _ 33 look look VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 31 acl:relcl _ _ 34 out out ADP RP _ 33 compound:prt _ _ 35 shall shall AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 37 aux _ _ 36 be be AUX VB VerbForm=Inf 37 aux:pass _ _ 37 darkened darken VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part 24 conj _ _ 38 in in ADP IN _ 40 case _ _ 39 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 40 det _ _ 40 windows window NOUN NNS Number=Plur 37 obl _ _ 41 , , PUNCT , _ 3 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: narrate - voice: narrator - polarity: none - teacher: kept the draft | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **tremble** | shall | the keepers of the house | | | | | | vn modes\_of\_being\_with\_motion-47.3 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 2 | **bow** | shall | the strong men | men *= man* | | | | | vn curtsey-40.3.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent themselves=Topic | | 3 | **cease** | present | the grinders | | | | | | vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality | | 4 | **is** | present | grinders *= grinder* | | | | | few *property* | tree rules | | 5 | **look out** | present | | | | | | | vn caring-75.2-2 «NP V PP»: agent=Agent | | 6 | **darken** | shall · passive | | those | | the windows | | | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: subject=Patient | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. ## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew} בַּיּ֗וֹם שֶׁיָּזֻ֙עוּ֙ שֹׁמְרֵ֣י הַבַּ֔יִת וְהִֽתְעַוְּת֖וּ אַנְשֵׁ֣י הֶחָ֑יִל וּבָטְל֤וּ הַטֹּֽחֲנוֹת֙ כִּ֣י מִעֵ֔טוּ וְחָשְׁכ֥וּ הָרֹא֖וֹת בָּאֲרֻבּֽוֹת׃ [Ecclesiastes 12:3: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and the Targum →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/ECC.12.3/) **Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:ECC:221` of Mova's parse database. **The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter. - ← previous: [Ecclesiastes 12:2 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/ECC.220/) - next →: [Ecclesiastes 12:4 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/ECC.222/) - ↑ back to [Ecclesiastes 12:3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/ECC.12.3/)