---
title: Ecclesiastes 1:9 (JPS 1917) — That which hath been is that which shall be, and that which hath bee… · tree and pragmatics
description: That which hath been is that which shall be, and that which hath been done is that which shall be done; and there is nothing new under the sun. Who acts: That, nothing. Ecclesiastes 1:9 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Ecclesiastes 1:9 · JPS 1917

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
That which hath been is that which shall be, and that which hath been done is that which shall be done; and there is nothing new under the sun.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** That, nothing · **What happens:** be, do · **To what, where:** That, sun.

<!-- .vabout -->
This is Ecclesiastes 1:9 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (That, nothing), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:ECC:8
# text = That which hath been is that which shall be, and that which hath been done is that which shall be done; and there is nothing new under the sun.
1	That	that	PRON	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	6	nsubj	_	_
2	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	1	nsubj	_	_
3	hath	have	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	1	aux	_	_
4	been	be	AUX	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	1	cop	_	_
5	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
6	that	that	PRON	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	0	root	_	_
7	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	9	nsubj	_	_
8	shall	shall	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	9	aux	_	_
9	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	acl:relcl	_	_
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
11	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	18	cc	_	_
12	that	that	PRON	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	18	nsubj	_	_
13	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	16	nsubj:pass	_	_
14	hath	have	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	16	aux	_	_
15	been	be	AUX	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	16	aux:pass	_	_
16	done	do	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	12	acl:relcl	_	_
17	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	18	cop	_	_
18	that	that	PRON	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	6	conj	_	_
19	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	22	nsubj:pass	_	_
20	shall	shall	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	22	aux	_	_
21	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	22	aux:pass	_	_
22	done	do	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	18	acl:relcl	_	_
23	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	26	punct	_	_
24	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	26	cc	_	_
25	there	there	PRON	EX	PronType=Dem	26	expl	_	_
26	is	be	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	18	conj	_	_
27	nothing	nothing	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Neg	26	nsubj	_	_
28	new	new	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	27	amod	_	_
29	under	under	ADP	IN	_	31	case	_	_
30	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	31	det	_	_
31	sun.	sun	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	26	obl	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present · perfect |  | That |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **is a** | present | That | that |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **do** | present · perfect · passive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Eventuality |
| 4 | **is a** | present | that | that |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 5 | **do** | shall · passive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Eventuality |
| 6 | **be** | present | nothing |  |  | the sun.; there |  |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme under sun=Location |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

<!-- .vhe dir=rtl lang=hbo -->
מַה־שֶּֽׁהָיָה֙ ה֣וּא שֶׁיִּהְיֶ֔ה וּמַה־שֶׁנַּֽעֲשָׂ֔ה ה֖וּא שֶׁיֵּעָשֶׂ֑ה וְאֵ֥ין כָּל־חָדָ֖שׁ תַּ֥חַת הַשָּֽׁמֶשׁ׃

[Ecclesiastes 1:9: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and the Targum →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/ECC.1.9/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:ECC:8` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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