--- title: Ecclesiastes 4:8 (JPS 1917) — There is one that is alone, and he hath not a second; yea, he hath n… · tree and pragmatics description: There is one that is alone, and he hath not a second; yea, he hath neither son nor brother; yet is there no end of all his labour, neither is his eye satisfied with riches: 'for whom then do I labour, and bereave my soul of pleasure?' This also is vanity, yea, it is a grievous business. 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This also is vanity, yea, it is a grievous business. **Who acts:** one, fool, end, eye, I, This · **What happens:** be, not have, have, labour, bereave · **To what, where:** son, soul, vanity, grievous business This is Ecclesiastes 4:8 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (one, fool, end, eye), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = jps:ECC:81 # text = There is one that is alone, and he hath not a second; yea, he hath neither son nor brother; yet is there no end of all his labour, neither is his eye satisfied with riches: 'for whom then do I labour, and bereave my soul of pleasure?' This also is vanity, yea, it is a grievous business. 1 There there PRON EX PronType=Dem 2 expl _ _ 2 is be VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 3 one one NUM CD NumForm=Word|NumType=Card 2 nsubj _ _ 4 that that PRON WDT PronType=Rel 6 nsubj _ _ 5 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 6 cop _ _ 6 alone alone ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 3 acl:relcl _ _ 7 , , PUNCT , _ 10 punct _ _ 8 and and CCONJ CC _ 10 cc _ _ 9 he he PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 10 nsubj _ _ 10 hath have VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 2 conj _ _ 11 not not PART RB Polarity=Neg 10 advmod _ _ 12 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 13 det _ _ 13 second second NOUN NN Number=Sing 10 obj _ _ 14 ; ; PUNCT : _ 18 punct _ _ 15 yea yea INTJ UH _ 18 discourse _ _ 16 , , PUNCT , _ 15 punct _ _ 17 he he PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 18 nsubj _ _ 18 hath have VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 2 conj _ _ 19 neither neither CCONJ CC Polarity=Neg 20 cc:preconj _ _ 20 son son NOUN NN Number=Sing 18 obj _ _ 21 nor nor CCONJ CC Polarity=Neg 22 cc _ _ 22 brother brother NOUN NN Number=Sing 20 conj _ _ 23 ; ; PUNCT : _ 25 punct _ _ 24 yet yet CCONJ CC _ 25 cc _ _ 25 is be VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 2 conj _ _ 26 there there PRON EX PronType=Dem 25 expl _ _ 27 no no DET DT PronType=Neg 28 det _ _ 28 end end NOUN NN Number=Sing 25 nsubj _ _ 29 of of ADP IN _ 32 case _ _ 30 all all DET PDT PronType=Tot 32 det:predet _ _ 31 his his PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 32 nmod:poss _ _ 32 labour labour NOUN NN Number=Sing 28 nmod _ _ 33 , , PUNCT , _ 38 punct _ _ 34 neither neither CCONJ CC Polarity=Neg 38 cc _ _ 35 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 38 cop _ _ 36 his his PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 37 nmod:poss _ _ 37 eye eye NOUN NN Number=Sing 38 nsubj _ _ 38 satisfied satisfied ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 2 conj _ _ 39 with with ADP IN _ 40 case _ _ 40 riches riches NOUN NNS Number=Plur 38 obl _ _ 41 : : PUNCT : _ 48 punct _ _ 42 ' ' PUNCT `` _ 48 punct _ _ 43 for for ADP IN _ 44 case _ _ 44 whom whom PRON WP PronType=Int 48 obl _ _ 45 then then ADV RB PronType=Dem 48 advmod _ _ 46 do do AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 48 aux _ _ 47 I I PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 48 nsubj _ _ 48 labour labour VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 2 parataxis _ _ 49 , , PUNCT , _ 51 punct _ _ 50 and and CCONJ CC _ 51 cc _ _ 51 bereave bereave VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 48 conj _ _ 52 my my PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 53 nmod:poss _ _ 53 soul soul NOUN NN Number=Sing 51 obj _ _ 54 of of ADP IN _ 55 case _ _ 55 pleasure pleasure NOUN NN Number=Sing 53 nmod _ _ 56 ? ? PUNCT . _ 48 punct _ _ 57 ' ' PUNCT '' _ 2 punct _ _ 58 This this PRON DT Number=Sing|PronType=Dem 61 nsubj _ _ 59 also also ADV RB _ 61 advmod _ _ 60 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 61 cop _ _ 61 vanity vanity NOUN NN Number=Sing 2 parataxis _ _ 62 , , PUNCT , _ 63 punct _ _ 63 yea yea INTJ UH _ 69 discourse _ _ 64 , , PUNCT , _ 69 punct _ _ 65 it it PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 69 nsubj _ _ 66 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 69 cop _ _ 67 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 69 det _ _ 68 grievous grievous ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 69 amod _ _ 69 business business NOUN NN Number=Sing 61 conj _ _ 70 . . PUNCT . _ 2 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: wh-question - act: ask - voice: character - polarity: neg - teacher: changed polarity=neg | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **be** | present | one | | | there | | | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 2 | **is** | present | | | | | | alone *property* | tree rules | | 3 | **not** **have** | present | fool | | | | second | | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent | | 4 | **have** | present | fool | son nor brother | | | | | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent son=Patient | | 5 | **be** | present | no end of fool's labour | | | there | | | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 6 | **is** | present | fool's eye | | | | | with riches; satisfied *property* | tree rules | | 7 | **labour** | present · do-support | I | | | | then | | vn work-73.2 «NP V»: agent=Agent | | 8 | **bereave** | infinitive | I *not said here* | my soul of pleasure | | | | | vn deprive-10.6.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent soul=Source | | 9 | **is a** | present | This | vanity and a grievous business | | | | | tree rules | | 10 | **is a** | present | eye | a grievous business | | | | | tree rules | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. ## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew} יֵ֣שׁ אֶחָד֩ וְאֵ֨ין שֵׁנִ֜י גַּ֣ם בֵּ֧ן וָאָ֣ח אֵֽין־ל֗וֹ וְאֵ֥ין קֵץ֙ לְכָל־עֲמָל֔וֹ גַּם־עֵינ֖וֹ לֹא־תִשְׂבַּ֣ע עֹ֑שֶׁר וּלְמִ֣י ׀ אֲנִ֣י עָמֵ֗ל וּמְחַסֵּ֤ר אֶת־נַפְשִׁי֙ מִטּוֹבָ֔ה גַּם־זֶ֥ה הֶ֛בֶל וְעִנְיַ֥ן רָ֖ע הֽוּא׃ [Ecclesiastes 4:8: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and the Targum →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/ECC.4.8/) **Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:ECC:81` of Mova's parse database. **The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter. - ← previous: [Ecclesiastes 4:7 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/ECC.80/) - next →: [Ecclesiastes 4:9 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/ECC.82/) - ↑ back to [Ecclesiastes 4:8](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/ECC.4.8/)