---
title: Ecclesiastes 4:10 (JPS 1917) — For if they fall, the one will lift up his fellow; but woe to him th… · tree and pragmatics
description: For if they fall, the one will lift up his fellow; but woe to him that is alone when he falleth, and hath not another to lift him up. Who acts: vanity, one, woe, fool. Ecclesiastes 4:10 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Ecclesiastes 4:10 · JPS 1917

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
For if they fall, the one will lift up his fellow; but woe to him that is alone when he falleth, and hath not another to lift him up.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** vanity, one, woe, fool · **What happens:** fall, lift up, be · **To what, where:** fellow, fool

<!-- .vabout -->
This is Ecclesiastes 4:10 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (vanity, one, woe, fool), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:ECC:83
# text = For if they fall, the one will lift up his fellow; but woe to him that is alone when he falleth, and hath not another to lift him up.
1	For	for	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
2	if	if	SCONJ	IN	_	4	mark	_	_
3	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
4	fall	fall	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	advcl	_	_
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	4	punct	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	one	one	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	9	nsubj	_	_
8	will	will	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	9	aux	_	_
9	lift	lift	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
10	up	up	ADP	RP	_	9	compound:prt	_	_
11	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	12	nmod:poss	_	_
12	fellow	fellow	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obj	_	_
13	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	15	punct	_	_
14	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	15	cc	_	_
15	woe	woe	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	conj	_	_
16	to	to	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
17	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	15	nmod	_	_
18	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	20	nsubj	_	_
19	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	20	cop	_	_
20	alone	alone	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	15	acl:relcl	_	_
21	when	when	SCONJ	WRB	_	23	mark	_	_
22	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	23	nsubj	_	_
23	falleth	fall	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	20	advcl	_	_
24	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	26	punct	_	_
25	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	26	cc	_	_
26	hath	have	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	20	conj	_	_
27	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	26	advmod	_	_
28	another	another	PRON	DT	PronType=Ind	26	obj	_	_
29	to	to	PART	TO	_	30	mark	_	_
30	lift	lift	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	28	acl	_	_
31	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	30	obj	_	_
32	up	up	ADP	RP	_	30	compound:prt	_	_
33	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: character
- polarity: none
- teacher: changed act=assert, voice=character

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **fall** *a condition, not said to happen* | present | vanity |  |  |  |  |  | vn occur-48.3 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **lift up** | future | one | fool's fellow |  |  |  |  | vn put\_direction-9.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent fellow=Theme |
| 3 | **is** | present | woe to fool |  |  |  |  | alone *property* | tree rules |
| 4 | **fall** | present | fool |  |  |  |  |  | vn occur-48.3 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 5 | **lift up** | to-infinitive | woe to fool *not said here* | fool |  |  |  |  | vn put\_direction-9.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent he=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

<!-- .vhe dir=rtl lang=hbo -->
כִּ֣י אִם־יִפֹּ֔לוּ הָאֶחָ֖ד יָקִ֣ים אֶת־חֲבֵר֑וֹ וְאִ֣יל֗וֹ הָֽאֶחָד֙ שֶׁיִּפּ֔וֹל וְאֵ֥ין שֵׁנִ֖י לַהֲקִימֽוֹ׃

[Ecclesiastes 4:10: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and the Targum →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/ECC.4.10/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:ECC:83` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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- ← previous: [Ecclesiastes 4:9 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/ECC.82/)
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- ↑ back to [Ecclesiastes 4:10](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/ECC.4.10/)