---
title: Ecclesiastes 4:11 (JPS 1917) — Again, if two lie together, then they have warmth; but how can one b… · tree and pragmatics
description: Again, if two lie together, then they have warmth; but how can one be warm alone? Who acts: two, vanity, one. Ecclesiastes 4:11 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

<!-- md -->
[Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/ECC.84/)

<!-- crumbs -->
[home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Ketuvim](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/) / [Ecclesiastes](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/ECC/) / [chapter 4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/ECC/4/) / [4:11](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/ECC.4.11/) / JPS 1

# Ecclesiastes 4:11 · JPS 1917

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Again, if two lie together, then they have warmth; but how can one be warm alone?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** two, vanity, one · **What happens:** lie, have, be · **To what, where:** warmth

<!-- .vabout -->
This is Ecclesiastes 4:11 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (two, vanity, one), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:ECC:84
# text = Again, if two lie together, then they have warmth; but how can one be warm alone?
1	Again	again	ADV	RB	_	10	advmod	_	_
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	1	punct	_	_
3	if	if	SCONJ	IN	_	5	mark	_	_
4	two	two	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	5	nsubj	_	_
5	lie	lie	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	10	advcl	_	_
6	together	together	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
8	then	then	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	10	advmod	_	_
9	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	10	nsubj	_	_
10	have	have	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
11	warmth	warmth	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obj	_	_
12	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	18	punct	_	_
13	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	18	cc	_	_
14	how	how	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	18	advmod	_	_
15	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	18	aux	_	_
16	one	one	PRON	PRP	Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Ind	18	nsubj	_	_
17	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	18	cop	_	_
18	warm	warm	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	conj	_	_
19	alone	alone	ADV	RB	_	18	advmod	_	_
20	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	10	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: yes/no question
- act: ask
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **lie** *a condition, not said to happen* | present | two |  |  |  |  | together *property* | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **have** | present | vanity | warmth |  |  | again; then |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent warmth=Patient |
| 3 | **is** | can | one |  |  |  |  | alone, warm *property* | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

<!-- .vhe dir=rtl lang=hbo -->
גַּ֛ם אִם־יִשְׁכְּב֥וּ שְׁנַ֖יִם וְחַ֣ם לָהֶ֑ם וּלְאֶחָ֖ד אֵ֥יךְ יֵחָֽם׃

[Ecclesiastes 4:11: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and the Targum →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/ECC.4.11/)

<!-- div src -->

**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:ECC:84` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
- ← previous: [Ecclesiastes 4:10 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/ECC.83/)
- next →: [Ecclesiastes 4:12 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/ECC.85/)
- ↑ back to [Ecclesiastes 4:11](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/ECC.4.11/)