---
title: Esther 1:13 (JPS 1917) — Then the king said to the wise men, who knew the times — for so was… · tree and pragmatics
description: Then the king said to the wise men, who knew the times — for so was the king's manner toward all that knew law and judgment; Who acts: king, wise men. Esther 1:13 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Esther 1:13 · JPS 1917

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Then the king said to the wise men, who knew the times — for so was the king's manner toward all that knew law and judgment;

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**Who acts:** king, wise men · **What happens:** say, know, be · **To what, where:** wise men, manner, law · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is Esther 1:13 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (king, wise men), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:EST:12
# text = Then the king said to the wise men, who knew the times — for so was the king's manner toward all that knew law and judgment;
1	Then	then	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	4	advmod	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	king	king	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	to	to	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	wise	wise	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	men	man	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obl	_	_
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
10	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	11	nsubj	_	_
11	knew	know	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	8	acl:relcl	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	times	time	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	obj	_	_
14	—	-	PUNCT	:	_	21	punct	_	_
15	for	for	SCONJ	IN	_	21	mark	_	_
16	so	so	ADV	RB	_	21	advmod	_	_
17	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	21	cop	_	_
18	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
19	king	king	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	nmod:poss	_	_
20	's	's	PART	POS	_	19	case	_	_
21	manner	manner	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	parataxis	_	_
22	toward	toward	ADP	IN	_	23	case	_	_
23	all	all	PRON	DT	PronType=Tot	21	obl	_	_
24	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	25	nsubj	_	_
25	knew	know	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	23	acl:relcl	_	_
26	law	law	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	25	obj	_	_
27	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	28	cc	_	_
28	judgment	judgment	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	26	conj	_	_
29	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	4	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: narrator
- polarity: pos
- teacher: kept the draft

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | the king |  | the wise men |  | then |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V PP.recipient S-Quote»: agent=Agent to man=Recipient |
| 2 | **know** | past | the wise men |  |  |  | time |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer |
| 3 | **is a** | past |  | the king's manner |  |  |  | toward all | tree rules |
| 4 | **know** | past |  | law and judgment |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Experiencer law=Stimulus |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

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וַיֹּ֣אמֶר הַמֶּ֔לֶךְ לַחֲכָמִ֖ים יֹדְעֵ֣י הָֽעִתִּ֑ים כִּי־כֵן֙ דְּבַ֣ר הַמֶּ֔לֶךְ לִפְנֵ֕י כָּל־יֹדְעֵ֖י דָּ֥ת וָדִֽין׃

[Esther 1:13: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and the Targum →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/EST.1.13/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:EST:12` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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