---
title: Esther 1:14 (JPS 1917) — and the next unto him was Carshena, Shethar, Admatha, Tarshish, Mere… · tree and pragmatics
description: and the next unto him was Carshena, Shethar, Admatha, Tarshish, Meres, Marsena, and Memucan, the seven princes of Persia and Media, who saw the king's face, and sat the first in the kingdom: Who acts: next, seven princes. Esther 1:14 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every c
---

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# Esther 1:14 · JPS 1917

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and the next unto him was Carshena, Shethar, Admatha, Tarshish, Meres, Marsena, and Memucan, the seven princes of Persia and Media, who saw the king's face, and sat the first in the kingdom:

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**Who acts:** next, seven princes · **What happens:** be, see, sit · **To what, where:** Carshena, face, kingdom

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This is Esther 1:14 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (next, seven princes), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:EST:13
# text = and the next unto him was Carshena, Shethar, Admatha, Tarshish, Meres, Marsena, and Memucan, the seven princes of Persia and Media, who saw the king's face, and sat the first in the kingdom:
1	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	next	next	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
4	unto	unto	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nmod	_	_
6	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
7	Carshena	Carshena	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
9	Shethar	Shethar	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	conj	_	_
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
11	Admatha	Admatha	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	conj	_	_
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
13	Tarshish	Tarshish	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	conj	_	_
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
15	Meres	Meres	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	conj	_	_
16	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
17	Marsena	Marsena	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	conj	_	_
18	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	20	punct	_	_
19	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	20	cc	_	_
20	Memucan	Memucan	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	conj	_	_
21	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	24	punct	_	_
22	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	24	det	_	_
23	seven	seven	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	24	nummod	_	_
24	princes	prince	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	appos	_	_
25	of	of	ADP	IN	_	26	case	_	_
26	Persia	Persia	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	24	nmod	_	_
27	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	28	cc	_	_
28	Media	Media	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	26	conj	_	_
29	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	31	punct	_	_
30	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	31	nsubj	_	_
31	saw	see	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	24	acl:relcl	_	_
32	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	33	det	_	_
33	king	king	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	35	nmod:poss	_	_
34	's	's	PART	POS	_	33	case	_	_
35	face	face	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	31	obj	_	_
36	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	38	punct	_	_
37	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	38	cc	_	_
38	sat	sit	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	31	conj	_	_
39	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	40	det	_	_
40	first	first	ADV	RB	NumType=Ord	38	advmod	_	_
41	in	in	ADP	IN	_	43	case	_	_
42	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	43	det	_	_
43	kingdom	kingdom	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	38	obl	_	_
44	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	7	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | past | the next unto king | Carshena and Shethar and Admatha and Tarshish and Meres and Marsena and Memucan |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **see** | past | the seven princes of Persia and Media | the king's face |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer face=Stimulus |
| 3 | **sit** | past | the seven princes of Persia and Media *not said here* |  |  | the kingdom |  | first *property* | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent in kingdom=Location |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

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וְהַקָּרֹ֣ב אֵלָ֗יוכַּרְשְׁנָ֤א שֵׁתָר֙ אַדְמָ֣תָא תַרְשִׁ֔ישׁ מֶ֥רֶס מַרְסְנָ֖א מְמוּכָ֑ן שִׁבְעַ֞ת שָׂרֵ֣י ׀ פָּרַ֣ס וּמָדַ֗י רֹאֵי֙ פְּנֵ֣י הַמֶּ֔לֶךְ הַיֹּשְׁבִ֥ים רִאשֹׁנָ֖ה בַּמַּלְכֽוּת׃

[Esther 1:14: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and the Targum →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/EST.1.14/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:EST:13` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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