---
title: Esther 8:10 (JPS 1917) — And they wrote in the name of king Ahasuerus, and sealed it with the… · tree and pragmatics
description: And they wrote in the name of king Ahasuerus, and sealed it with the king's ring, and sent letters by posts on horseback, riding on swift steeds that were used in the king's service, bred of the stud; Who acts: scribes, king. Esther 8:10 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of eve
---

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# Esther 8:10 · JPS 1917

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
And they wrote in the name of king Ahasuerus, and sealed it with the king's ring, and sent letters by posts on horseback, riding on swift steeds that were used in the king's service, bred of the stud;

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** scribes, king · **What happens:** write, seal, send, ride, use, breed · **To what, where:** name, hand, letters, swift steeds, service, king Ahasuerus

<!-- .vabout -->
This is Esther 8:10 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (scribes, king), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:EST:137
# text = And they wrote in the name of king Ahasuerus, and sealed it with the king's ring, and sent letters by posts on horseback, riding on swift steeds that were used in the king's service, bred of the stud;
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	3	cc	_	_
2	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
3	wrote	write	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	in	in	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	name	name	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	king	king	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	compound	_	_
9	Ahasuerus	Ahasuerus	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	_
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
11	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
12	sealed	seal	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
13	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	12	obj	_	_
14	with	with	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
15	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
16	king	king	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	nmod:poss	_	_
17	's	's	PART	POS	_	16	case	_	_
18	ring	ring	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obl	_	_
19	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	21	punct	_	_
20	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	21	cc	_	_
21	sent	send	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
22	letters	letter	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	21	obj	_	_
23	by	by	ADP	IN	_	24	case	_	_
24	posts	post	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	21	obl	_	_
25	on	on	ADP	IN	_	26	case	_	_
26	horseback	horseback	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	24	nmod	_	_
27	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	28	punct	_	_
28	riding	ride	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	21	advcl	_	_
29	on	on	ADP	IN	_	31	case	_	_
30	swift	swift	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	31	amod	_	_
31	steeds	steed	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	28	obl	_	_
32	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	34	nsubj:pass	_	_
33	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	34	aux:pass	_	_
34	used	use	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	31	acl:relcl	_	_
35	in	in	ADP	IN	_	39	case	_	_
36	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	37	det	_	_
37	king	king	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	39	nmod:poss	_	_
38	's	's	PART	POS	_	37	case	_	_
39	service	service	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	34	obl	_	_
40	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	41	punct	_	_
41	bred	breed	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	31	acl	_	_
42	of	of	ADP	IN	_	44	case	_	_
43	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	44	det	_	_
44	stud	stud	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	41	obl	_	_
45	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **write** | past | scribes *= scribe* |  |  | the name of king Ahasuerus |  |  | vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent in name=Destination |
| 2 | **seal** | past | scribes *= scribe* *not said here* | hand |  |  |  | with the king's ring | vn tape-22.4 «NP V NP PP.co-patient PP.instrument»: agent=Agent it=Patient with ring=Instrument |
| 3 | **send** | past | scribes *= scribe* *not said here* | letters |  |  |  | by posts on horseback | vn confine-92-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent letter=Theme |
| 4 | **ride** | gerund | scribes *= scribe* *not said here* |  |  | swift steeds |  |  | vn nonvehicle-51.4.2 «NP.agent V»: agent=Agent |
| 5 | **use** | past · passive |  | swift steeds |  | the king's service |  |  | vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient |
| 6 | **breed** | participle |  | swift steeds *not said here* |  |  |  | of the stud | tree rules |
| 7 | **name** |  |  | king Ahasuerus |  |  |  |  | nom name «communication transitive»: of=patient |
| 8 | **service** |  | the king |  |  |  |  |  | nom service «act transitive»: poss=agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

<!-- .vhe dir=rtl lang=hbo -->
וַיִּכְתֹּ֗ב בְּשֵׁם֙ הַמֶּ֣לֶךְ אֲחַשְׁוֵרֹ֔שׁ וַיַּחְתֹּ֖ם בְּטַבַּ֣עַת הַמֶּ֑לֶךְ וַיִּשְׁלַ֣ח סְפָרִ֡ים בְּיַד֩ הָרָצִ֨ים בַּסּוּסִ֜ים רֹכְבֵ֤י הָרֶ֙כֶשׁ֙ הָֽאֲחַשְׁתְּרָנִ֔ים בְּנֵ֖י הָֽרַמָּכִֽים׃

[Esther 8:10: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and the Targum →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/EST.8.10/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:EST:137` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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