--- title: Esther 8:14 (JPS 1917) — So the posts that rode upon swift steeds that were used in the king'… · tree and pragmatics description: So the posts that rode upon swift steeds that were used in the king's service went out, being hastened and pressed on by the king's commandment; and the decree was given out in Shushan the castle. Who acts: posts, king. Esther 8:14 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every cla --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/EST.141/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Ketuvim](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/) / [Esther](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/EST/) / [chapter 8](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/EST/8/) / [8:14](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/EST.8.14/) / JPS 1 # Esther 8:14 · JPS 1917 So the posts that rode upon swift steeds that were used in the king's service went out, being hastened and pressed on by the king's commandment; and the decree was given out in Shushan the castle. **Who acts:** posts, king · **What happens:** ride, use, go out, hasten, press on, give out · **To what, where:** swift steeds, service, decree, Shushan · **Speech:** someone speaks here This is Esther 8:14 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (posts, king), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = jps:EST:141 # text = So the posts that rode upon swift steeds that were used in the king's service went out, being hastened and pressed on by the king's commandment; and the decree was given out in Shushan the castle. 1 So so ADV RB _ 17 advmod _ _ 2 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 3 det _ _ 3 posts post NOUN NNS Number=Plur 17 nsubj _ _ 4 that that PRON WDT PronType=Rel 5 nsubj _ _ 5 rode ride VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 3 acl:relcl _ _ 6 upon upon ADP IN _ 8 case _ _ 7 swift swift ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 8 amod _ _ 8 steeds steed NOUN NNS Number=Plur 5 obl _ _ 9 that that PRON WDT PronType=Rel 11 nsubj:pass _ _ 10 were be AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 11 aux:pass _ _ 11 used use VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 8 acl:relcl _ _ 12 in in ADP IN _ 16 case _ _ 13 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 14 det _ _ 14 king king NOUN NN Number=Sing 16 nmod:poss _ _ 15 's 's PART POS _ 14 case _ _ 16 service service NOUN NN Number=Sing 11 obl _ _ 17 went go VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 18 out out ADV RB _ 17 advmod _ _ 19 , , PUNCT , _ 21 punct _ _ 20 being be AUX VBG Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 21 aux:pass _ _ 21 hastened hasten VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 17 advcl _ _ 22 and and CCONJ CC _ 23 cc _ _ 23 pressed press VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 21 conj _ _ 24 on on ADP RP _ 23 compound:prt _ _ 25 by by ADP IN _ 29 case _ _ 26 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 27 det _ _ 27 king king NOUN NN Number=Sing 29 nmod:poss _ _ 28 's 's PART POS _ 27 case _ _ 29 commandment commandment NOUN NN Number=Sing 23 obl:agent _ _ 30 ; ; PUNCT : _ 35 punct _ _ 31 and and CCONJ CC _ 35 cc _ _ 32 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 33 det _ _ 33 decree decree NOUN NN Number=Sing 35 nsubj:pass _ _ 34 was be AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 35 aux:pass _ _ 35 given give VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 17 conj _ _ 36 out out ADP RP _ 35 compound:prt _ _ 37 in in ADP IN _ 38 case _ _ 38 Shushan Shushan PROPN NNP Number=Sing 35 obl _ _ 39 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 40 det _ _ 40 castle castle NOUN NN Number=Sing 38 appos _ _ 41 . . PUNCT . _ 17 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - polarity: none - teacher: kept the draft | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **ride** | past | the posts | | | | | upon swift steeds | vn nonvehicle-51.4.2 «NP.agent V»: agent=Agent | | 2 | **use** | past · passive | | swift steeds | | the king's service | | | vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient | | 3 | **go out** | past | the posts | | | | | out *property* | vn interact-36.6 «NP V»: agent=Agent | | 4 | **hasten** | gerund · passive | the posts *not said here* | | | | | | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V» | | 5 | **press on** | participle | the posts *not said here* | | | | | | vn push-12-1-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Agent | | 6 | **give out** | past · passive | | the decree | | Shushan | | | vn contribute-13.2 «NP V NP.theme (PP)»: subject=Theme | | 7 | **service** | | the king | | | | | | nom service «act transitive»: poss=agent | | 8 | **command** | | the king | | | | | | nom commandment «communication transitive»: poss=agent | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. ## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew} הָרָצִ֞ים רֹכְבֵ֤י הָרֶ֙כֶשׁ֙ הָֽאֲחַשְׁתְּרָנִ֔ים יָֽצְא֛וּ מְבֹהָלִ֥ים וּדְחוּפִ֖ים בִּדְבַ֣ר הַמֶּ֑לֶךְ וְהַדָּ֥ת נִתְּנָ֖ה בְּשׁוּשַׁ֥ן הַבִּירָֽה׃פ [Esther 8:14: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and the Targum →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/EST.8.14/) **Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:EST:141` of Mova's parse database. **The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter. - ← previous: [Esther 8:13 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/EST.140/) - next →: [Esther 8:15 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/EST.142/) - ↑ back to [Esther 8:14](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/EST.8.14/)