--- title: Esther 1:16 (JPS 1917) — And Memucan answered before the king and the princes: 'Vashti the qu… · tree and pragmatics description: And Memucan answered before the king and the princes: 'Vashti the queen hath not done wrong to the king only, but also to all the princes, and to all the peoples, that are in all the provinces of the king Ahasuerus. Who acts: Memucan, Vashti, peoples. Esther 1:16 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/EST.15/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Ketuvim](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/) / [Esther](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/EST/) / [chapter 1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/EST/1/) / [1:16](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/EST.1.16/) / JPS 1 # Esther 1:16 · JPS 1917 And Memucan answered before the king and the princes: 'Vashti the queen hath not done wrong to the king only, but also to all the princes, and to all the peoples, that are in all the provinces of the king Ahasuerus. **Who acts:** Memucan, Vashti, peoples · **What happens:** answer, not do, be · **To what, where:** wrong, provinces · **Speech:** someone speaks here This is Esther 1:16 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Memucan, Vashti, peoples), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = jps:EST:15 # text = And Memucan answered before the king and the princes: 'Vashti the queen hath not done wrong to the king only, but also to all the princes, and to all the peoples, that are in all the provinces of the king Ahasuerus. 1 And and CCONJ CC _ 3 cc _ _ 2 Memucan Memucan PROPN NNP Number=Sing 3 nsubj _ _ 3 answered answer VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 4 before before ADP IN _ 6 case _ _ 5 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 6 det _ _ 6 king king NOUN NN Number=Sing 3 obl _ _ 7 and and CCONJ CC _ 9 cc _ _ 8 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 9 det _ _ 9 princes prince NOUN NNS Number=Plur 6 conj _ _ 10 : : PUNCT : _ 17 punct _ _ 11 ' ' PUNCT `` _ 17 punct _ _ 12 Vashti Vashti PROPN NNP Number=Sing 17 nsubj _ _ 13 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 14 det _ _ 14 queen queen NOUN NN Number=Sing 12 appos _ _ 15 hath have AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 17 aux _ _ 16 not not PART RB Polarity=Neg 17 advmod _ _ 17 done do VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part 3 ccomp _ _ 18 wrong wrong ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 17 obj _ _ 19 to to ADP IN _ 21 case _ _ 20 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 21 det _ _ 21 king king NOUN NN Number=Sing 17 obl _ _ 22 only only ADV RB _ 21 advmod _ _ 23 , , PUNCT , _ 29 punct _ _ 24 but but CCONJ CC _ 29 cc _ _ 25 also also ADV RB _ 29 advmod _ _ 26 to to ADP IN _ 29 case _ _ 27 all all DET PDT PronType=Tot 29 det:predet _ _ 28 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 29 det _ _ 29 princes prince NOUN NNS Number=Plur 17 conj _ _ 30 , , PUNCT , _ 35 punct _ _ 31 and and CCONJ CC _ 35 cc _ _ 32 to to ADP IN _ 35 case _ _ 33 all all DET PDT PronType=Tot 35 det:predet _ _ 34 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 35 det _ _ 35 peoples people NOUN NNS Number=Plur 29 conj _ _ 36 , , PUNCT , _ 42 punct _ _ 37 that that PRON WDT PronType=Rel 42 nsubj _ _ 38 are be AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 42 cop _ _ 39 in in ADP IN _ 42 case _ _ 40 all all DET PDT PronType=Tot 42 det:predet _ _ 41 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 42 det _ _ 42 provinces province NOUN NNS Number=Plur 35 acl:relcl _ _ 43 of of ADP IN _ 45 case _ _ 44 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 45 det _ _ 45 king king NOUN NN Number=Sing 42 nmod _ _ 46 Ahasuerus Ahasuerus PROPN NNP Number=Sing 45 flat _ _ 47 . . PUNCT . _ 3 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: character - polarity: neg - teacher: kept the draft | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **answer** *speech: assert* | past | Memucan | | | | before the king and the princes | | tree rules | | 2 | **not** **do** | present · perfect | Vashti | wrong | | | | to the king | vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent wrong=Eventuality | | 3 | **is** | present | all peoples | | | all provinces | | of the king | tree rules | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. ## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew} וַיֹּ֣אמֶר מְמוּכָ֗ן לִפְנֵ֤י הַמֶּ֙לֶךְ֙ וְהַשָּׂרִ֔ים לֹ֤א עַל־הַמֶּ֙לֶךְ֙ לְבַדּ֔וֹ עָוְתָ֖ה וַשְׁתִּ֣י הַמַּלְכָּ֑ה כִּ֤י עַל־כָּל־הַשָּׂרִים֙ וְעַל־כָּל־הָ֣עַמִּ֔ים אֲשֶׁ֕ר בְּכָל־מְדִינ֖וֹת הַמֶּ֥לֶךְ אֲחַשְׁוֵרֽוֹשׁ׃ [Esther 1:16: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and the Targum →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/EST.1.16/) **Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:EST:15` of Mova's parse database. **The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter. - ← previous: [Esther 1:15 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/EST.14/) - next →: [Esther 1:17 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/EST.16/) - ↑ back to [Esther 1:16](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/EST.1.16/)