---
title: Esther 9:12 (JPS 1917) — And the king said unto Esther the queen: 'The Jews have slain and de… · tree and pragmatics
description: And the king said unto Esther the queen: 'The Jews have slain and destroyed five hundred men in Shushan the castle, and the ten sons of Haman; what then have they done in the rest of the king's provinces! Who acts: king, Jews. Esther 9:12 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of ev
---

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# Esther 9:12 · JPS 1917, sentence 1 of 2

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And the king said unto Esther the queen: 'The Jews have slain and destroyed five hundred men in Shushan the castle, and the ten sons of Haman; what then have they done in the rest of the king's provinces!

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**Who acts:** king, Jews · **What happens:** say, slay, destroy, do · **To what, where:** hundred men, Shushan, rest · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is Esther 9:12 · JPS 1917, sentence 1 of 2 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (king, Jews), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:EST:157
# text = And the king said unto Esther the queen: 'The Jews have slain and destroyed five hundred men in Shushan the castle, and the ten sons of Haman; what then have they done in the rest of the king's provinces!
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	4	cc	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	king	king	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	unto	unto	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	Esther	Esther	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	queen	queen	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	appos	_	_
9	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	14	punct	_	_
10	'	'	PUNCT	``	_	14	punct	_	_
11	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	Jews	Jew	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	14	nsubj	_	_
13	have	have	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	14	aux	_	_
14	slain	slay	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	4	ccomp	_	_
15	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	16	cc	_	_
16	destroyed	destroy	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	14	conj	_	_
17	five	five	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	18	nummod	_	_
18	hundred	hundred	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	19	nummod	_	_
19	men	man	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	16	obj	_	_
20	in	in	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
21	Shushan	Shushan	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	19	nmod	_	_
22	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	23	det	_	_
23	castle	castle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	appos	_	_
24	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	28	punct	_	_
25	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	28	cc	_	_
26	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	28	det	_	_
27	ten	ten	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	28	nummod	_	_
28	sons	son	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	19	conj	_	_
29	of	of	ADP	IN	_	30	case	_	_
30	Haman	Haman	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	28	nmod	_	_
31	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	36	punct	_	_
32	what	what	PRON	WP	PronType=Int	36	obj	_	_
33	then	then	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	36	advmod	_	_
34	have	have	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	36	aux	_	_
35	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	36	nsubj	_	_
36	done	do	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	4	parataxis	_	_
37	in	in	ADP	IN	_	39	case	_	_
38	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	39	det	_	_
39	rest	rest	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	36	obl	_	_
40	of	of	ADP	IN	_	44	case	_	_
41	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	42	det	_	_
42	king	king	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	44	nmod:poss	_	_
43	's	's	PART	POS	_	42	case	_	_
44	provinces	province	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	39	nmod	_	_
45	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	36	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: exclamation
- act: express
- voice: character
- polarity: neg
- teacher: changed form=excl, act=express

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | the king |  |  |  |  | unto Esther | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **slay** | present · perfect | the Jews |  |  |  |  |  | vn murder-42.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **destroy** | participle | the Jews *not said here* | hundred men and the ten sons of Haman |  | Shushan |  |  | vn destroy-44 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent man=Patient |
| 4 | **do** | present · perfect | Jews *= jew* |  |  | the rest of the king's provinces | then |  | vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent what=Eventuality |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

<!-- .vhe dir=rtl lang=hbo -->
וַיֹּ֨אמֶר הַמֶּ֜לֶךְ לְאֶסְתֵּ֣ר הַמַּלְכָּ֗ה בְּשׁוּשַׁ֣ן הַבִּירָ֡ה הָרְגוּ֩ הַיְּהוּדִ֨ים וְאַבֵּ֜ד חֲמֵ֧שׁ מֵא֣וֹת אִ֗ישׁ וְאֵת֙ עֲשֶׂ֣רֶת בְּנֵֽי־הָמָ֔ן בִּשְׁאָ֛ר מְדִינ֥וֹת הַמֶּ֖לֶךְ מֶ֣ה עָשׂ֑וּ וּמַה־שְּׁאֵֽלָתֵךְ֙ וְיִנָּ֣תֵֽן לָ֔ךְ וּמַה־בַּקָּשָׁתֵ֥ךְ ע֖וֹד וְתֵעָֽשׂ׃

[Esther 9:12: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and the Targum →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/EST.9.12/)

<!-- .note -->
This verse in JPS 1917:

<!-- .ens -->
1. **And the king said unto Esther the queen: 'The Jews have slain and destroyed five hundred men in Shushan the castle, and the ten sons of Haman; what then have they done in the rest of the king's provinces!**
2. [Now whatever thy petition, it shall be granted thee; and whatever thy request further, it shall be done.'](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/EST.158/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:EST:157` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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