---
title: Esther 9:19 (JPS 1917) — Therefore do the Jews of the villages, that dwell in the unwalled to… · tree and pragmatics
description: Therefore do the Jews of the villages, that dwell in the unwalled towns, make the fourteenth day of the month Adar a day of gladness and feasting, and a good day, and of sending portions one to another. Who acts: Jews. Esther 9:19 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clau
---

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# Esther 9:19 · JPS 1917

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Therefore do the Jews of the villages, that dwell in the unwalled towns, make the fourteenth day of the month Adar a day of gladness and feasting, and a good day, and of sending portions one to another.

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**Who acts:** Jews · **What happens:** dwell, make, send · **To what, where:** unwalled towns, day, portions

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This is Esther 9:19 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Jews), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:EST:165
# text = Therefore do the Jews of the villages, that dwell in the unwalled towns, make the fourteenth day of the month Adar a day of gladness and feasting, and a good day, and of sending portions one to another.
1	Therefore	therefore	ADV	RB	_	16	advmod	_	_
2	do	do	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	16	aux	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	Jews	Jew	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	16	nsubj	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	villages	village	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nmod	_	_
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
9	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	10	nsubj	_	_
10	dwell	dwell	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	acl:relcl	_	_
11	in	in	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
13	unwalled	unwalled	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	14	amod	_	_
14	towns	town	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	obl	_	_
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
16	make	make	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
17	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
18	fourteenth	fourteenth	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|NumType=Ord	19	amod	_	_
19	day	day	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	obj	_	_
20	of	of	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
21	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	22	det	_	_
22	month	month	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	nmod	_	_
23	Adar	Adar	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	22	flat	_	_
24	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	25	det	_	_
25	day	day	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	xcomp	_	_
26	of	of	ADP	IN	_	27	case	_	_
27	gladness	gladness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	25	nmod	_	_
28	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	29	cc	_	_
29	feasting	feasting	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	27	conj	_	_
30	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	34	punct	_	_
31	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	34	cc	_	_
32	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	34	det	_	_
33	good	good	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	34	amod	_	_
34	day	day	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	25	conj	_	_
35	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	38	punct	_	_
36	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	38	cc	_	_
37	of	of	ADP	IN	_	38	case	_	_
38	sending	send	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	27	conj	_	_
39	portions	portion	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	38	obj	_	_
40	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	38	obl	_	_
41	to	to	ADP	IN	_	42	case	_	_
42	another	another	PRON	DT	PronType=Ind	40	nmod	_	_
43	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	16	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **dwell** | present | the Jews of the villages |  |  | the unwalled towns |  |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in town=Location |
| 2 | **make** | present · do-support | the Jews of the villages | a day of gladness and feasting and a good day |  |  | day | therefore *property* | vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **send** | gerund | the Jews of the villages *not said here* | portions |  |  |  | one to another *obl* | vn confine-92-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent portion=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

<!-- .vhe dir=rtl lang=hbo -->
עַל־כֵּ֞ן הַיְּהוּדִ֣ים הַפְּרָזִ֗ים הַיֹּשְׁבִים֮ בְּעָרֵ֣י הַפְּרָזוֹת֒ עֹשִׂ֗ים אֵ֠ת י֣וֹם אַרְבָּעָ֤ה עָשָׂר֙ לְחֹ֣דֶשׁ אֲדָ֔ר שִׂמְחָ֥ה וּמִשְׁתֶּ֖ה וְי֣וֹם ט֑וֹב וּמִשְׁל֥וֹחַ מָנ֖וֹת אִ֥ישׁ לְרֵעֵֽהוּ׃פ

[Esther 9:19: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and the Targum →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/EST.9.19/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:EST:165` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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- ← previous: [Esther 9:18 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/EST.164/)
- next →: [Esther 9:20 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/EST.166/)
- ↑ back to [Esther 9:19](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/EST.9.19/)