---
title: Esther 9:20 (JPS 1917) — And Mordecai wrote these things, and sent letters unto all the Jews… · tree and pragmatics
description: And Mordecai wrote these things, and sent letters unto all the Jews that were in all the provinces of the king Ahasuerus, both nigh and far, Who acts: Mordecai, Jews. Esther 9:20 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Esther 9:20 · JPS 1917

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And Mordecai wrote these things, and sent letters unto all the Jews that were in all the provinces of the king Ahasuerus, both nigh and far,

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**Who acts:** Mordecai, Jews · **What happens:** write, send, be · **To what, where:** things, letters, provinces

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This is Esther 9:20 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Mordecai, Jews), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:EST:166
# text = And Mordecai wrote these things, and sent letters unto all the Jews that were in all the provinces of the king Ahasuerus, both nigh and far,
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	3	cc	_	_
2	Mordecai	Mordecai	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	wrote	write	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	these	this	DET	DT	Number=Plur|PronType=Dem	5	det	_	_
5	things	thing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
7	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
8	sent	send	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
9	letters	letter	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obj	_	_
10	unto	unto	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
11	all	all	DET	PDT	PronType=Tot	13	det:predet	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	Jews	Jew	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	9	obl	_	_
14	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	19	nsubj	_	_
15	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	19	cop	_	_
16	in	in	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
17	all	all	DET	PDT	PronType=Tot	19	det:predet	_	_
18	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
19	provinces	province	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	13	acl:relcl	_	_
20	of	of	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
21	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	22	det	_	_
22	king	king	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	nmod	_	_
23	Ahasuerus	Ahasuerus	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	22	appos	_	_
24	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	26	punct	_	_
25	both	both	CCONJ	CC	_	26	cc:preconj	_	_
26	nigh	nigh	ADV	RB	_	13	advmod	_	_
27	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	28	cc	_	_
28	far	far	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	26	conj	_	_
29	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **write** | past | Mordecai | this things |  |  |  |  | vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent thing=Theme |
| 2 | **send** | past | Mordecai *not said here* | letters |  |  |  |  | vn confine-92-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent letter=Theme |
| 3 | **is** | past | all Jews |  |  | all provinces |  | of the king | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

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וַיִּכְתֹּ֣ב מָרְדֳּכַ֔י אֶת־הַדְּבָרִ֖ים הָאֵ֑לֶּה וַיִּשְׁלַ֨ח סְפָרִ֜ים אֶל־כָּל־הַיְּהוּדִ֗ים אֲשֶׁר֙ בְּכָל־מְדִינוֹת֙ הַמֶּ֣לֶךְ אֲחַשְׁוֵר֔וֹשׁ הַקְּרוֹבִ֖ים וְהָרְחוֹקִֽים׃

[Esther 9:20: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and the Targum →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/EST.9.20/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:EST:166` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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- ← previous: [Esther 9:19 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/EST.165/)
- next →: [Esther 9:21 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/EST.167/)
- ↑ back to [Esther 9:20](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/EST.9.20/)