--- title: Esther 9:22 (JPS 1917) — the days wherein the Jews had rest from their enemies, and the month… · tree and pragmatics description: the days wherein the Jews had rest from their enemies, and the month which was turned unto them from sorrow to gladness, and from mourning into a good day; that they should make them days of feasting and gladness, and of sending portions one to another, and gifts to the poor. Who acts: Jews. 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The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Jews), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = jps:EST:168 # text = the days wherein the Jews had rest from their enemies, and the month which was turned unto them from sorrow to gladness, and from mourning into a good day; that they should make them days of feasting and gladness, and of sending portions one to another, and gifts to the poor. 1 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 2 det _ _ 2 days day NOUN NNS Number=Plur 0 root _ _ 3 wherein wherein ADV WRB PronType=Rel 6 advmod _ _ 4 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 5 det _ _ 5 Jews Jew PROPN NNPS Number=Plur 6 nsubj _ _ 6 had have VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 2 acl:relcl _ _ 7 rest rest NOUN NN Number=Sing 6 obj _ _ 8 from from ADP IN _ 10 case _ _ 9 their their PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 10 nmod:poss _ _ 10 enemies enemy NOUN NNS Number=Plur 7 nmod _ _ 11 , , PUNCT , _ 14 punct _ _ 12 and and CCONJ CC _ 14 cc _ _ 13 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 14 det _ _ 14 month month NOUN NN Number=Sing 2 conj _ _ 15 which which PRON WDT PronType=Rel 17 nsubj:pass _ _ 16 was be AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 17 aux:pass _ _ 17 turned turn VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 14 acl:relcl _ _ 18 unto unto ADP IN _ 19 case _ _ 19 them they PRON PRP Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 17 obl _ _ 20 from from ADP IN _ 21 case _ _ 21 sorrow sorrow NOUN NN Number=Sing 17 obl _ _ 22 to to ADP IN _ 23 case _ _ 23 gladness gladness NOUN NN Number=Sing 21 nmod _ _ 24 , , PUNCT , _ 27 punct _ _ 25 and and CCONJ CC _ 27 cc _ _ 26 from from ADP IN _ 27 case _ _ 27 mourning mourning NOUN NN Number=Sing 17 conj _ _ 28 into into ADP IN _ 31 case _ _ 29 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 31 det _ _ 30 good good ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 31 amod _ _ 31 day day NOUN NN Number=Sing 27 obl _ _ 32 ; ; PUNCT : _ 36 punct _ _ 33 that that SCONJ IN _ 36 mark _ _ 34 they they PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 36 nsubj _ _ 35 should should AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 36 aux _ _ 36 make make VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 2 acl _ _ 37 them they PRON PRP Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 36 obj _ _ 38 days day NOUN NNS Number=Plur 36 obj _ _ 39 of of ADP IN _ 40 case _ _ 40 feasting feasting NOUN NN Number=Sing 38 nmod _ _ 41 and and CCONJ CC _ 42 cc _ _ 42 gladness gladness NOUN NN Number=Sing 40 conj _ _ 43 , , PUNCT , _ 46 punct _ _ 44 and and CCONJ CC _ 46 cc _ _ 45 of of ADP IN _ 46 case _ _ 46 sending send VERB VBG VerbForm=Ger 36 conj _ _ 47 portions portion NOUN NNS Number=Plur 46 obj _ _ 48 one one PRON NN _ 47 nmod _ _ 49 to to ADP IN _ 50 case _ _ 50 another another PRON DT PronType=Ind 48 nmod _ _ 51 , , PUNCT , _ 53 punct _ _ 52 and and CCONJ CC _ 53 cc _ _ 53 gifts gift NOUN NNS Number=Plur 47 conj _ _ 54 to to ADP IN _ 56 case _ _ 55 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 56 det _ _ 56 poor poor ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 53 nmod _ _ 57 . . PUNCT . _ 2 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: narrate - voice: narrator - polarity: none - teacher: changed polarity=none | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **have** | past | the Jews | rest | | Jews's enemies | | wherein *property* | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent rest=Patient | | 2 | **turn** | past · passive | | the month | | sorrow to gladness | | unto Jews *= jew* | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V NP PP.trajectory»: subject=Theme from sorrow=Trajectory | | 3 | **make** | should | Jews *= jew* | enemies *= enemy* | | | day | | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset they=Product | | 4 | **send** | gerund | Jews *= jew* *not said here* | portions one and gifts to the poor | | | | | vn confine-92-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent portion=Theme | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. ## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew} כַּיָּמִ֗ים אֲשֶׁר־נָ֨חוּ בָהֶ֤ם הַיְּהוּדִים֙ מֵא֣וֹיְבֵיהֶ֔ם וְהַחֹ֗דֶשׁ אֲשֶׁר֩ נֶהְפַּ֨ךְ לָהֶ֤ם מִיָּגוֹן֙ לְשִׂמְחָ֔ה וּמֵאֵ֖בֶל לְי֣וֹם ט֑וֹב לַעֲשׂ֣וֹת אוֹתָ֗ם יְמֵי֙ מִשְׁתֶּ֣ה וְשִׂמְחָ֔ה וּמִשְׁל֤וֹחַ מָנוֹת֙ אִ֣ישׁ לְרֵעֵ֔הוּ וּמַתָּנ֖וֹת לָֽאֶבְיוֹנִֽים׃ [Esther 9:22: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and the Targum →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/EST.9.22/) **Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:EST:168` of Mova's parse database. **The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter. - ← previous: [Esther 9:21 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/EST.167/) - next →: [Esther 9:23 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/EST.169/) - ↑ back to [Esther 9:22](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/EST.9.22/)